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The Endocrine system

This text provides an overview of the endocrine system, including the major glands and their hormones. It explores the role of hormones in regulating growth, development, metabolism, and reproductive processes. The text also discusses common disorders and conditions related to the endocrine system, such as diabetes and hormonal imbalances.

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The Endocrine system

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  1. The Endocrine system Glands and hormones

  2. Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood- • May stimulate other glands • Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes (puberty)

  3. Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

  4. Major Glands of the Endocrine system • Pituitary • Thyroid • Parathyroid • Adrenal • Pancreas • Pineal • Hypothalamus • Reproductive glands (Ovariesand Testes)

  5. Pituitary gland • Master gland of body • Located in the depression of sphenoid bone • Produces many hormones that affect other glands • thyroid stimulating hormone • Somatotropin- growth hormone • Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation • ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone • Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin • ADH- antidiuretic hormone

  6. Giantism- oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty • Dwarfism- undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics • Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

  7. Videos – Pituitary Glad • Tallest man in the world • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zL_nklbytbY • Tallest man meets smallest man • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GYYYMEV5DY

  8. Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. • Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine • goiter- not enough iodine • hyperthyroidism • hypothyroidism

  9. Parathyroid glands • 4 glands located on either side of the thyroid • Control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones

  10. Adrenal glands • Located just above the kidney • Secretes many hormones • Epinephrine • Norepinephrine • Many steroid hormones, including estrogen and androgens.

  11. Pancreas- • pancreatic juices into the intestine • secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells. • Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

  12. Diabetes Mellitus- • Cause- decreased secretion of insulin • Symptoms • Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections • Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population • Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it • 225,000 die each year • 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

  13. Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) • 1982 - Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech

  14. In May 1960, the FDA approved the sale of a pill that arguably would have a greater impact on Americans than any other drug in the nation's history. • Estrogen in contraceptive pill suppresses FSH in pituitary- ovulation does not occur

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