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Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment

Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment. Passage Two & Exercises. Review what we have learned last time. Anchor. Review what we have learned last time. windlass hawsepipe buckler plate riding pawl chain stopper wildcat friction brake locking ring. 锚设备.

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Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment

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  1. Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment Passage Two & Exercises

  2. Review what we have learned last time.Anchor

  3. Review what we have learned last time. windlass hawsepipe buckler plate riding pawl chain stopper wildcat friction brake locking ring

  4. 锚设备 1-锚(anchor)；2-锚穴(anchor recess)；3-锚链筒(hawse pipe)；4-制链器(chain stopper)；5-锚机(windlass)；6-锚链管(chain pipe)；7-锚链舱(chain locker)；8-锚链(chain)

  5. Passage Two Deck Gear 熟知，熟悉 • Seafarers must be familiar with ship’s gear. The term “ship’s gear” is used to describe the gear and equipment aboard the ship that is used for cargo handling and deck operations. Ship’s gear can be divided into four categories: standing rigging, running rigging, deck fittings and deck machinery. 货物装卸 分成四类 静索，固定支索 动索，活动支索 甲板属具 甲板机械

  6. STANDING RIGGING 将军柱 • STANDING RIGGING includes the rigging that supports masts or king posts. This gear includes the following: • Shrouds: These are heavy wire ropes that provide athwartship support for the mast or king posts. Two or more shrouds are used on either side of a mast or king post. They are secured to the outboard side of the deck or to the bulwark to provide maximum support. 横桅索，左右支索 舷墙，防波板

  7. STANDING RIGGING 翻译：这些（松紧螺丝）是有内螺纹的螺套，两头是两个反丝的螺栓，用来栓系和收紧支索和稳索。 • Turnbuckles:These are internally threaded collars turning on two screws threaded in opposite directions. They are used to secure and to take up the slack in the shrouds and stays. • Stays and Backstays: These are heavy wires similar to shrouds. The difference is that they will lead in a forward or aft direction. They are found at the mast where the jumbo boom is located. When they support the mast from a forward direction, they are called stays. When they support the mast from an aft (back) direction, they are called backstays. 前后支索

  8. RUNNING RIGGING cargo runner:吊货钢丝，吊货索 • RUNNING RIGGING includes the moving or movable parts that are used to hoist or operate gear such as cargo runners, topping lifts, and guy tackles. guy tackle 稳索绞辘 topping lift 千斤索

  9. DECK FITTINGS • DECK FITTINGS are the devices that are used to secure standing rigging, running rigging, and mooring lines. These devices are described as follows: • Bitts:These are heavy metal bed plates with two iron or steel posts. They are used on ships for securing mooring or towing lines. Usually there is a set forward and after each chock. （双柱）系缆桩 底座，基座 翻译：双柱系缆桩底座非常牢固，双柱是铁或钢制的。在船上用来系固系泊缆绳或拖缆。通常在每个导缆钳前后各有一套。

  10. 缆桩

  11. DECK FITTINGS Chock:导缆钳，导缆器 bollard:系缆桩，带缆桩（一般指码头、突堤或水中的） • Chocks: These are heavy fittings secured to the deck. Lines are passed through them to bollards on the pier. The types of chocks used are closed, open, roller, and double roller. • Cleats: These are metal fittings having two projecting horns. They are used for securing lines. 所用导缆器的类型有闭式导缆器、开式导缆器、滚柱导缆器与双滑轮导缆器。 cleat 羊角桩，系索耳 有两个突出的角

  12. DECK FITTINGS pad eye 眼板，三角眼板 眼板是焊接到甲板或舷墙上的附属设备。 • Pad Eyes:These are fixtures welded to a deck or bulkhead. They have an eye to which lines or tackle are fastened and are used for securing or handling cargo. A bulwark is the wall around any deck exposed to the elements. This includes the weather deck, the poop deck, the fore deck, and any deck on the superstructure. On top of the bulwark is a flat rail (or plate) called the rail. Pad eyes and cleats are often welded to the rail. 翻译：舷墙顶上是一块平板，被称为舷墙顶板，甲板眼板和羊角桩通常是焊在舷墙顶板上。

  13. 眼板

  14. DECK MACHINERY • DECK MACHINERY includes the standard machinery that is found on the decks of vessels. The size and shape of the deck machinery may vary depending upon type of vessel, but the operating principles remain the same. 根据……而变化

  15. DECK MACHINERY 根据…… 电动绞车 • Cargo Winches: These are power-driven machines used to lift, lower, or move cargo. Winches are classified according to their source of power. Electric winches are standard equipment on most vessels. An electric winch has a steel base on which the winch drum, motor, gears, shafts, and brakes are mounted. The drum, which has cable wound on it, is usually smooth with flanged ends. It revolves on a horizontal axis and is driven through single or double reduction gears by an electric motor (usually direct current). A solenoid brake and a mechanical brake are fitted to the motor shaft. The winch is located on deck or on a deckhouse. The winch controls consist of a master controller or switchbox located on a pedestal at the end of the hatch square and a group of relays and resistors located near the winch motor. reduction gear减速装置 solenoid brake 螺线管制动器

  16. DECK MACHINERY 持链轮 • Windlass: The windlass is a special type of winch used to raise and lower the anchors and to handle the forward mooring lines. It consists of a wildcat (a steel casting in the form of a deeply grooved drum with projecting ribs) used to grip the anchor chain, controls for connecting or disconnecting the wildcat from the engine, and a friction brake which can be set to stop the wildcat when disconnected. There are horizontal drums at each end of the windlass for warping. 摩擦制动器

  17. DECK MACHINERY • Capstan: The capstan is a vertically mounted winch head used aboard ship when mechanical power is required for raising anchor, lifting heavy weights, or for any similar work. It is a cast steel drum mounted on a vertical spindle with the largest diameters at top and bottom and the smallest in the middle to allow the rope around it to surge up or down as the number of turns is increased. The drum is fixed to the spindle by keys. • vocabulary 它是安装在直立的绞盘轴上的铸钢卷筒，两头粗中间细，当缆绳圈数增加时，即便缆绳上下跳动也不会滑脱。

  18. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 1. A wildcat is a ______. A. deeply-grooved drum on the windlass with sprockets which engage the links of the anchor chain B. winch that is running out of control due to a failure of the overspeed trips C. line that has jumped off the gypsyhead while under strain D. nylon line that parts under strain and whips back in a hazardous manner 1. A

  19. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 2. A design modification of an anchor chain which prevents kinking is the ________. • detachable link B. stud link • C. kenter link D. connecting link 2. B

  20. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 3. A deck fitting, used to secure line or wire rope, consisting of a single body with two protruding horns is called a _____. A. bitt B. bollard C. capstan D. cleat 3. D

  21. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 4. A chock is a ________. A. deck fitting used to secure mooring lines B. casting fitted at the side of a weather deck, used as a fairlead C. sharp block of wood used to support hygroscopic cargo D. smoke pipe for the galley stove 4.B

  22. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 5. On a vessel, the keel is the primary strength member of the lower hull on which direction? • transverse B. diagonal • C. longitudinal D. vertical 5. C

  23. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 6. In vessel construction, beams are transverse girders which provide support to_______. • bulkhead B. frame • C. stanchion D. deck longitudinal 6. D

  24. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 7. In ship construction, frame spacing is _______. A. greater at the bow and stern B. reduced at the bow and stern C. uniform over the length of the vessel D. uniform over the length of the vessel, with the exception of the machinery spaces, where it is reduced due to increased stresses 7. B

  25. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 8. The term strake is used in reference to _______. • rudder mountings B. anchor gear • C. vessel framing D. hull plating 8.D

  26. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 9. By definition, a spar deck is the＿＿. A. lower most continuous deck not broken by water tight bulkheads B. after most weather deck above the main strength deck C. upper or weather deck above the main strength deck D. deck of light construction below the main or strength deck 9. C

  27. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 10. Bilge keels are fitted on ships to ______. A. assist in drydock alignment B. improve the vessel’s stability C. protect the vessel from slamming against piers D. reduce the rolling of the vessel 10. D

  28. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 11. A set of interior steps on a ship leading up to a deck from below is known as ______. • a companion way B. tween decks • C. stairs D. any of the above are acceptable 11. A

  29. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 12. In vessel construction, beam brackets are triangular plates that join the deck beam to a _______. • bulkheads B. deckhouse structures • C. decks D. vertical frames 12. D

  30. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 13. Anchors are prevented from running out when secured • by the ＿＿. • brake B. devil’s claw • C. pawl D. all of the above 13. D

  31. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 14. Aboard ship, vertical flat plates running transversely and connecting the vertical keel to the margin plates are called___________. • floors B. intercostals • C. girders D. stringers 14. A

  32. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 15. A partial deck in a hold is called a(n) ­­­__________. • weather deck B. orlop deck • C. shelter deck D. main deck 15. B

  33. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 16. The next-to-last shot of an anchor cable is usually painted ___________ • white B. international orange • C. yellow D. red 16. C

  34. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 17. The inner bottom is the__________. A. tank top B. compartment between the tank top and shell of the vessel C. inner side of the vessel’s shell D. space between two transverse bottom frames 17. A

  35. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 18. _____:The main center-line structural member, running fore and aft along the bottom of a ship, sometimes referred to as the backbone. • Frame B. Deck beam • C. Stringer D. Keel 18. D

  36. ExercisesI. Multiple choices • 19. Reinforcing frames attached to a bulkhead on a vessel • are called_____. • side longitudinals B. intercostals • C. stiffeners D. brackets 19. C

  37. ExercisesI. Multiple choices 20. In vessel construction, a greater number of watertight bulkheads results in_______. A. increased capacity to set flooding boundaries B. decreased capacity to set flooding boundaries C. reduced compartmentation D. greater deck load capacity 20. C

  38. II. Translate the following into English. Watertight compartment Tweendeck • 1. 水密舱 2. 二层甲板 • 3. 锚链筒 • 4. 系缆桩 • 5. 龙骨 • 6. 舭列板 • 7. 剪力 • 8. 易遭受 • 9. 端接缝 • 10. 肘板 Hawse pipe Bitt/bollard keel Bilge strake Shear force Be subject to butt bracket

  39. Answer to Exercise II stringer Fluke/palm • 11. 纵桁 • 12. 锚掌 • 13. 链环档 • 14. 持链轮 • 15. 绞盘 • 16. 活动支索 • 17. 稳索 • 18. 羊角桩 • 19. 舱壁 • 20. 舷侧板 stud wildcat capstan Running rigging stay cleat bulkhead Side plating

  40. III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Any partial deck above the main deck is named according to its location on the ship. At the bow it is called a forecastle deck, amidships it is an upper deck, and at the stern it is called the poop deck. 2. The interior of the ship is divided by the bulkheads and decks into watertight compartments. A vessel could be made virtually unsinkable if it were divided into enough small compartments. However, too many compartments would interfere with the arrangement of mechanical equipment and the operation of the ship. 3. The shell plating forms the watertight skin of the ship and at the same time, in merchant ship construction, contributes to the longitudinal strength and resists vertical shear forces. 4. In way of tanks such as oil bunkers or cargo deep tanks the side frame size will be increased, except where supporting side stringers are fitted within the tank space.

  41. III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 5. Ring is a device used to shackle the anchor chain to the shank of the anchor. The ring is secured to the top of the shank with a riveted pin. 6. The wildcat, when engaged, either hauls in or pays out the anchor chain. When disengaged, the wildcat turns freely and the only control of the anchor chain is the friction brake. 7. Chocks are heavy fittings secured to the deck. Lines are passed through them to bollards on the pier. The types of chocks used are closed, open, roller, and double roller.

  42. A summary of what we have learned today. Home work. 1. Review the text. 2. Keep the new words and expressions in mind. 3. Preview the vocabulary and the text of chapter 5 part one.

  43. Exercises from the test bank ______ is not a longitudinal structural member． A．sideshell B．bottom shell plating C．inner bottom plating D．transverse bulkhead A continuous watertight bulkhead is normally also a（n）______． A．Structural bulkhead B．Exterior bulkhead C．Centerline bulkhead D．Joiner bulkhead

  44. A design modification of an anchor chain which prevents kinking is the ______． A．Detachable link B．Stud link C．Kenter link D．Connecting link A term applied to the bottom shell plating in a double-bottom ship is ______． A．bottom floor B．outer bottom C．shear plating D．tank top

  45. Buckler plates are ______． A．Triangular-shaped plates connecting the bull chain to the topping lift B．Metal plates secured over the tops of the hawsepipes C．Faired shell plates with curvature in two directions D．Sheets of dunnage used to prevent heavy cargo from buckling the deck plates Compared to internal structural plating，the exterior hull plating on a vessel is usually ______． A．stronger B．thinner C．more corrosion resistant D．a lower grade steel

  46. Deck beams on a vessel are generally spaced at equal intervals and run ______． A．longitudinally B．vertically C．transversely D．Intermittently Deck beams perform ______ of the following functions in the hull structure of a vessel．① They transfer deck loads to the frames；② They help to maintain the shape of the hull． A．① only． B．② only． C．Both ① and ② D．Neither ① nor ②

  47. Floors aboard ship are ______． A．frames to which the tank top and bottom shell are fastened on a double bottomed ship B．transverse members of the ships frame which support the decks C．longitudinal beams in the extreme bottom of a ship from which the ship's ribs start D．longitudinal angle bars fastened to a surface for strength Forecastle deck is located in the ship's ______． A．Bow stem B．Stern C．Portside D．Starboard side

  48. Frames to which the tank top and bottom shell are fastened are called ______． A．floors B．intercostals C．stringers D．tank top supports If the weights are moved away from the midship section，______ will happen on board． A．hogging B．sagging C．stiff D．tender 加强肋

  49. In vessel construction，beams are transverse girders which provide support to ______． A．Bulkheads B．Deckhouse structures C．Decks D．Vertical frames In vessel construction，the garboard strake is ______． A．Located next to and parallel to the keel B．Located next to and parallel to the gunwale C．Another term for the bilge keel D．Another term for the rub rail

  50. It is possible，and sometimes necessary，to strengthen the deck of a vessel for carriage of deck cargo by ______． A．placing bunker on the deck B．building a stage on which to place the cargo C．welding steel feet to the deck，on which the cargo is placed D．erecting vertical pillars under the deck to support the cargo Limber is a term associated with ______． A．Emergency gear B．Drainage C．Deck cargo storage D．Securing gear On a vessel，the keel is the primary strength member of the lower hull form in which direction ________． A．Transverse B．Diagonal C．Longitudinal D．Vertical stanchion （舱底），污水沟，污水孔

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