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Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment

Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment. Passage Two Shell Plating and Framing. Review what we have learned last time. Passage one. Review what we have learned last time. Passage one 1. waterline 2. freeboard 3. draft 4. trim down by the head/trimmed by the head

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Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment

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  1. Chapter 4 Ship’s Structure and Equipment Passage Two Shell Plating and Framing

  2. Review what we have learned last time. Passage one

  3. Review what we have learned last time. Passage one • 1. waterline • 2. freeboard • 3. draft • 4. trim down by the head/trimmed by the head down by the stern/trimmed by the stern • 5. list: caused by inside forces have a list to port of 2 degrees heel : caused by outside forces

  4. Review what we have learned last time. • Passage two 1. shell plating 2. longitudinal strength 3. shear force 4. be subject to 5. butt, seam 6. longitudinal framing transverse framing 7. bale capacity

  5. Review what we have learned last time. • Passage two 8. hopper tank topside tank 9. scantling 10. side stringer 11. web frame plate web transverse web 12. collision bulkhead

  6. Part Two Shipboard Equipment mast:桅杆 • Introduction • Shipboard equipment varies from ship to ship depending on such factors as the ship’s era, design, area of operation, and purpose. Some types of equipment that are widely found include: • Masts can be the home of antennas, navigation lights, radar transponders, fog signals, and similar devices often required by law. • Ground tackle includes equipment such as mooring winches, windlasses, and anchors. Anchors are used to moor ships in shallow water. They are connected to the ship by a rope or chain. On larger vessels, the chain runs through a hawsepipe. • Cargo equipment such as cranes and cargo booms are used to load and unload cargo and ship’s stores. A derrick is simply a strong boom, made of steel or wood, which can swing from side to side. A wire from a powerful winch runs over a block at the head of the derrick. It’s quite a simple arrangement. A crane is usually a much more complicated and expensive piece of lifting machinery. But a lot of ships are fitted with cranes. • Safety equipmentsuch as lifeboats, liferafts, fire extinguishers, and survival suits are carried aboard many vessels for emergency use. Vocabulary 锚具，抛锚设备 货物设备 安全设备

  7. Passage One Ground TackleAnchor n.链接，卸扣 vt. 连接 锚卸扣 • Ground tackle consists of all the equipment used in anchoring. This includes the anchors, anchor cables or chains, connecting devices, and the anchor windlass. • Anchor: The following describes the different parts of an anchor. Ring (Shackle): Device used to shackle the anchor chain to the shank of the anchor. The ring is secured to the top of the shank with a riveted pin. Shank: The long center part of the anchor running between the ring and the crown. Crown:The rounded lower section of the anchor to which the shank is secured. The shank is fitted to the crown with a pivot or ball-and-socket joint that allows a movement from 30°to 45°either way. Arms:The parts that extend from each side of the crown. Fluke or palm: The broad shield part of the anchor that extends upward from the arms. Blade:That part of the arm extending outward below the fluke. Bill or pea:Tip of the palm or fluke. 锚杆 锚冠 枢轴 球形万向接头 锚臂 锚掌 锚叶，锚爪（锚爪内侧面） 锚爪尖

  8. Anchor Vocabulary

  9. Passage One Ground TackleAnchor chain 扣锁环链 链环档 翻译：所有链环都是有档链环，即把将一块固体焊接在链环的中央。链环档可以防止锚链扭结，并防止链环与旁边链环相撞。 • Modern anchor chain is made of die-lock chain with studs. The size of the link is designated by its diameter, called wire diameter. The length of a standard link is 6 times its diameter and width is 3.6 times its diameter. All links are studded; that is, a solid piece is forged in the center of the link. Studs prevent the chain from kinking and the links from pounding on adjacent links. They also further strengthen the chain up to 15 percent. • The lengths of chain that are connected to make up the ship’s anchor chains are called shots. A standard shot is 15 fathoms (90 feet) long. • Shots of anchor chain are joined by a detachable link. The detachable link consists of a C-shape link with two coupling plates which form one side and stud of the link. A taper pin holds the parts together and is locked in place at the large end by a lead plug.Detachable link parts are not interchangeable. Therefore, matching numbers are stamped on the C-link and on each coupling plate to ensure identification and proper assembly. • For the safety of every ship, the ship’s officers and the boatswain must know at all times the scope or how much anchor chain has been paid out. To make this information quickly available, a system of chain markings is used. shot（锚链的）节 散合式连接链环 翻译：散合式连接链环由一个C形的链环和链环的撑档构成，C形链环有两个连接复板构成链环的一边。圆锥形钢销将各部分紧固连接，并在较大一端用青铅封固。 翻译：散合式连接链环的各部分是不能互换的。因此，要在C形链环和每块连接板上打上匹配的数字钢印来确保识别和正确安装。 =bosun 水手长 为了……的安全

  10. 链环 (a)普通链环(common link)；(b)加大链环(enlarged link)；(c)末端链环(end open link)； (d)连接卸扣(joining shackle)；(e) 散合式连接链环(detachable link)； (f）双半式连接链环(Kenter link)；(g)转环(swivel link)；(h)脱钩(senhouse slip)

  11. Anchor chain ：Color marking • 15 fathoms (1 shot). The detachable link is painted red, and one link on each side is painted white. • 30 fathoms (2 shots). The detachable link is painted white, and two links on each side are painted white. • 45 fathoms (3 shots). The detachable link is painted blue, and three links on each side are painted white. • 60 fathoms (4 shots). The detachable link is painted red, and four links on each side are painted white. • 75 fathoms (5 shots). The detachable link is painted white, and five links on each side are painted white.

  12. THE ANCHOR WINDLASS 配有，备有 • The anchor windlass is installed on vessels primarily for handling and securing the anchor and anchor chain. Windlasses are provided with capstans or catheads, which are used for handling mooring lines when docking and undocking. • There are two general types of windlasses installed on board, the horizontal shaft windlass and the vertical shaft windlass. Although there is a difference in construction and appearance between the horizontal and the vertical shaft windlass, they do share a common terminology. Definitions of parts of equipment are as follows: 卧式锚机 立式锚机

  13. 锚机(windlass) 1-电动机(electromotor)；2-减速器(reducer)；3、4、5、6-传动齿轮(drive gear)；7-离合器(clutch)；8-链轮(chain wheel)；9-刹车操纵杆(brake control rod)；10-带缆卷筒(rope drum）；11-带式刹车(brake)

  14. 锚链筒，锚链孔 WINDLASS 锚链孔盖板 翻译：锚链孔盖（防浪盖）是一块硬质钢板，船开航后蝶形螺母将其关闭。锚链孔盖能盖住锚链筒的甲板开口，防止海水从锚链筒涌上甲板。 dog vt. 在此做关闭讲。 • Hawsepipe: Openings in the eyes of forward part of the ship where the shank of the anchor is stowed. • Buckler plate:A heavy steel plate that is “dogged down” by butterfly nuts when the vessel is at sea. The buckler plate covers the hawsepipe opening on deck and prevents water from rushing up the hawsepipe and spilling on deck. • Riding chock: A metal fairlead for the anchor chain. It prevents the chain from fouling on deck and also holds the riding pawl. • Riding pawl: A safety stopper that works like a socket on the links of the chain. It is lifted up to the “open” position when the anchor chain is run out. When heaving the chain in, the pawl is “closed” or dropped in the after side of the riding chock. The pawl bounces over the incoming chain. However, if an emergency occurs, such as the wildcat jumping out of gear, the pawl will catch on a link of the anchor chain and hold the chain and keep it from running out. 锚链制止器，制链器 锚泊爪 1-锚(anchor)；2-锚穴(anchor recess)；3-锚链筒(hawse pipe)；4-制链器(chain stopper)； 5-锚机(windlass)；6-锚链管(chain pipe)；7-锚链舱(chain locker)；8-锚链(chain)

  15. WINDLASS 松紧螺旋扣 锚链掣，掣链器，分链器 铰链钩，速脱钩 锚链擎 • Chain stopper: A turnbuckle inserted in a short section of chain with a pelican hook or a devil’s claw attached to one end and a shackle on the other end. The chain stopper is screwed at the base of the windlass. In operation, the devil’s claws are used when the vessel is setting out to sea. The claws are put on a link of the chain and the turnbuckle is set up, acting as a permanent stopper. On some ships, a pelican hook is used. • Wildcat: A sprocketed wheel in the windlass with indentations for the links of the anchor chain. The wildcat, when engaged, either hauls in or pays out the anchor chain. When disengaged, the wildcat turns freely and the only control of the anchor chain is the friction brake. • Friction brake: A band which bears on a flywheel. By tightening up on the band by means of the brake handle, the wildcat can be controlled. • Locking ring: A device, with pigeon holes, into which a bar is placed to lock the wildcat to the hoisting gear of the engine. The locking ring is usually turned forward to disengage the wildcat and turned aft to engage it. On the capstan the wildcat is engaged or disengaged by turning the capstan barrel cover. Anchor chain and windlass vocabulary 持链轮，链轮 持链轮 摩擦制动器 用某办法，借助于某物 制动手柄 止动环，销环 绞盘杆承孔，绞盘头孔 绞盘罩

  16. （一）螺旋制链器(screw compressor) 螺旋制链器如图（a），由两块夹板和一个带摇柄的有正倒螺纹的螺杆组成。当转动摇柄使两夹板夹紧时，即夹住锚链；反之松开夹板，锚链即可自由进出。虽然其松紧动作较慢，但操作方便、工作可靠，故广泛用于大、中型船舶。 （二）闸刀式制链器(lever chain stopper) 闸刀式制链器如图 (b)，结构简单，操作迅速。但当其尺寸较大时显得笨重，一般只用于小型船舶。 （三）链式制链器(devil’s claw) 链式制链器如图 (c)，由一个链钩、一个松紧螺旋扣和一段短链组成。它的一端用卸扣固定在甲板上，使用时将链钩钩在一水平的锚链链环上，然后收紧松紧螺旋扣，即可拉紧锚链。它常与螺旋制链器配套使用，作为螺旋制链器的辅助装置。

  17. 螺旋制链器(screw compressor) 闸刀式制链器(lever chain stopper) 链式制链器(devil’s claw)

  18. A summary of what we have learned today. Home work. 1. Review the text. 2. Keep the new words and expressions in mind. 3. Preview next part of the text.

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