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UNIT 3, Part 2 Loves and Losses Click the mouse button or press the space bar to continue

Unit 3, Part 2 MAIN MENU Loves and Losses (pages 586–616) Click a selection title to go to the corresponding selection menu.

SELECTION MENU Selection Menu (pages 586–592) Before You Read Reading the Selection After You Read

BEFORE YOU READ Meet Emily Dickinson Click the picture to learn about the author.

BEFORE YOU READ Connecting to the Poems In both of the following poems, Emily Dickinson’s speakers are dealing with emotional pain and grief. Before you read the poems, think about the following questions: • How do people typically respond to emotionally painful events? • How do you support others when they are grieving or emotionally upset?

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background Emily Dickinson wrote many letters, some of which survived and give her readers insight into the events that may have inspired her poems. During the late 1850s, when she wrote “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” Dickinson’s letters communicated a great love for a man. Many of her poems of this time portray great joy, but others reflect a great frustration with this love.

BEFORE YOU READ Building Background Dickinson wrote most of her poems (about eight hundred) during the Civil War (1861–1865), when wartime tension may have influenced her writing. She wrote “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes,” in 1862, a year when the danger of the war threatened many of Dickinson’s friends.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Loves and Losses As you read the poems, notice how Dickinson describes the themes of love and loss.

BEFORE YOU READ Setting Purposes for Reading Personification Personification is a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are given human characteristics. Recognizing a poet’s use of personification can help you understand what he or she intended to communicate. As you read, look for objects that Dickinson has personified.

BEFORE YOU READ Comparing and Contrasting Tone A poet’s tone, is his or her attitude toward the subject matter. A poet’s tone might convey several attitudes, including sympathy, objectivity, or humor. Dickinson often uses a playful tone in her poems. Understanding tone can help you determine a poet’s meaning.

BEFORE YOU READ Comparing and Contrasting Tone Reading Tip: Asking Questions Use a chart like the one on the following slide to help you ask questions about Dickinson’s use of tone in the poems.

BEFORE YOU READ Comparing and Contrasting Tone

BEFORE YOU READ ceremoniousadj. carefully observant of the formal acts required by ritual, custom, or etiquette (p. 588) Sam’s graduation was a ceremonious occasion. recollectv. to remember (p. 588) We used pictures to help Grandma recollect her childhood. Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.

BEFORE YOU READ stuporn. a state of extreme lethargy (p. 588) After twenty hours of traveling, Dan arrived in a stupor. lagv. to fall behind (p. 589) If you continue to lag, we will be late for practice. Click a vocabulary term to listen to the definition.

READING THE SELECTION Loves and Losses Keep the following questions in mind as you read. What types of events would cause the pain and loss that Dickinson refers to in her poems? Is it important to know what specific events the author refers to in order to understand either of these poems?

READING THE SELECTION Answer:The specific cause of the suffering does not matter. Many events could cause a similar response, and it is the human response to loss that is important in understanding and identifying with these two poems.

READING THE SELECTION Reading Strategy Comparing and Contrasting Tone Read the text highlighted in blue on page 588 of your textbook.How does this stanza’s extra line help convey the tone of the poem? Answer: The extra line makes this stanza feel longer and slower, conveying the sluggishness and apathy of the speaker.

READING THE SELECTION Reading Strategy Comparing and Contrasting Tone Read the poem on page 588 of your textbook. How does the author’s slow and formal tone help us understand the author’s purpose? Answer: The formal tone complements Dickinson’s attempt to show readers the stiff and removed way that people respond to pain.

READING THE SELECTION Loves and Losses Read the text highlighted in tan on page 589 of your textbook. Why do you think that Dickinson directly addresses the Heart? Answer:Dickinson addresses the Heart to encourage herself to forget an unrequited love.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Respond • Do you think “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” and “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” express positive ideas about love and loss? Explain.? Answer:You should use examples in your response.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret • (a) In “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes,” to what are nerves compared? (b) What does this image suggest about the sufferer’s physical feelings? Answer: (a) Tombs (b) It captures the feeling of numbness.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret • (a) What is being remembered in the third stanza of “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes”? (b) How does this image reinforce the ideas of the poem? Answer: (a) The Hour of Lead (b) The image of lead reinforces the idea that every action feels sluggish, slow, and heavy.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Recall and Interpret • (a) What does the speaker in “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” want to be told? (b) Why does the speaker need this information? Answer: (a) When the heart has forgotten him (b) So that the speaker can also forget him

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate • A simile is a figure of speech, using like or as, that is used to compare two things. (a) Identify two similes in “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes.” (b) Discuss how Dickinson uses them to convey her grief in the poem.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate Answer:(a) “Contentment, like a stone” and “as freezing persons” (b) The first reinforces the idea that the sufferer is not truly content; the second, summarizes the steps of grief.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Analyze and Evaluate • Analyze Dickinson’s use of exclamation marks in “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” Do you find them effective? Explain. Answer:You may say they add intensity; you may also say they are distracting.

AFTER YOU READ Responding and Thinking Critically Connect Loves and Losses • Dickinson is praised for the conciseness and intensity of her poems. How well do these qualities serve her ideas of love and loss? Answer:You should note elements that make the poems concise or intense and explain how they strengthen or weaken the poems’ messages.

AFTER YOU READ Personification Writers personify animals, objects, forces of nature, and ideas. Many human qualities, including emotions, physical gestures, and powers of speech, are attributed to personified items. Personification is used in both prose and poetry.

AFTER YOU READ Personification • List the things personified in “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” and “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” Answer:The first poem personifies the sufferer’s nerves, heart, and feet. The second poem personifies the heart and mind of someone who needs to forget an unrequited love.

AFTER YOU READ Personification • Do these elements seem to convey a tone of sympathy, humor, or objectivity? Explain. Answer:Without personification, the poems would seem less descriptive and more traditional.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Rhythm and Rhyme As you learned on page 541 of your textbook, rhythm is the pattern of beats created by the order of stressed and unstressed syllables. As you learned on page 547 of your textbook, rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Rhythm and Rhyme Partner Activity Pair up with a classmate and analyze the rhythm and rhyme of “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” and “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” In most of Dickinson’s early poems, the rhythm, or meter, models that of Puritan hymns. Common forms include quatrains (four lines) with steady six, eight, or ten iambs—unstressed and then stressed syllables, such as da-DUM.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Rhythm and Rhyme Working with your partner, count the number of syllables in each line and use letters to label the basic rhyme scheme. Write your information in a chart like the one on the next slide.

AFTER YOU READ Review: Rhythm and Rhyme

AFTER YOU READ Comparing and Contrasting Tone Writers use elements such as word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, and figures of speech to convey tone. Identifying these elements often helps readers clarify the tone in a piece of literature.

AFTER YOU READ Comparing and Contrasting Tone • In “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes,” which literary elements are used by Dickinson in the line “The Feet, mechanical, go round—”? Answer:Personification and punctuation (the dash)

AFTER YOU READ Comparing and Contrasting Tone • Do these elements seem to convey a tone of sympathy, humor, or objectivity? Explain. Answer:Personifying a body part helps express the pain felt by the sufferer, distancing the sufferer from the pain and the dashes cause the reader to pause and slow down, reinforcing the solemn tone.

AFTER YOU READ Practice Practice with AntonymsFind the antonym for each vocabulary word from “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” and “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” listed in the first column. Use a dictionary or a thesaurus if you need help.

AFTER YOU READ Practice • ceremonious • dignified • informal

AFTER YOU READ Practice • recollect • overlook • memorize

AFTER YOU READ Practice • stupor • dream • awareness

AFTER YOU READ Practice • lag • break • keep up

AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary These words will help you think, write, and talk about the selection. restrainv. to hold back; to keep under control collapsev. to fall down; to give way

AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary Practice and Apply • Does the speaker in “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” restrain his or her feelings? Answer:The speaker’s feelings are held in check by the somber, detached tone.

AFTER YOU READ Academic Vocabulary Practice and Apply • At what point does the speaker in “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” collapse? Answer:At the end of the poem.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Compare and Contrast Point of ViewDickinson uses third-person point of view in “After Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes” and first-person point of view in “Heart! We Will Forget Him!” How do these differing points of view affect your experience reading the poems?

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Write a one- or two-page analysis, in which you compare and contrast the points of view in these poems. Use evidence from Dickinson’s poems to support your opinions.

AFTER YOU READ Writing About Literature Before you begin drafting, take notes on the similarities and differences of each poem’s point of view in a Venn diagram, such as the one on the following slide.

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