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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Friday, February 15, 2008 and Monday, February 18, 2008. TSW: how did political accusations create fear and suspicion usher in the New Red Scare and McCarthyism?. 1.3: McCarthy & the Cold War at Home.

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  1. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

  2. Friday, February 15, 2008 and Monday, February 18, 2008 • TSW: how did political accusations create fear and suspicion usher in the New Red Scare and McCarthyism?

  3. 1.3: McCarthy & the Cold War at Home Anti-Communist Hysteria & Suspicion in the 1950s

  4. 1.3: Connecting the Experience to History • How did you feel when you discovered you had a blank piece of paper? A dot? • What methods did you use to determine who had a dot? • For those that had dots, how did you convince others you were not a dot? • For those who were accused of being a dot, how did you feel? What made you fearful or suspicious? • Given that there was no way to know for sure who was or was not a dot, why did you try so hard to convince others that certain class members were dots? • What emotions fueled this activity? Can you think of any time in history when something like this occurred?

  5. 1.3A: McCarthyism • What do you see here? • This man is Sen. Joe McCarthy who promoted anti-Communism in the 1950s • Why do you think he spoke out against Communism? • How do you think the American public responded? • Why?

  6. Bubble Map

  7. 1.3A: McCarthyism • Birth of McCarthyism • 1950 - not well-known, Republican • barely won re-election • sought to promote pol career by attacking Communism • Feb. 12, 1950 - held a list of 205 Comm Party members who were working for the State Dept. • Communist Menace in: • the Government • entertainment industry • & education • (HUAC) House Un-American Activities Committee

  8. 1.3A: McCarthyism • Browbeat, bullied and berated for 4 years w/ HUAC • “are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?” • Refuse to testify?...“Fifth Amendment Communists” • Other deemed “guilty by association” • Attack Hollywood…this means name is always in newspaper • One of the most feared and powerful men in Wash. DC. • Fear, suspicion, scapegoating became known as McCarthyism • Carried Cold War hysteria to new heights

  9. 1.3A: McCarthyism • Anti-Communism as a Pol. Weapon • Democrats nervous b/c of ideology in liberal causes & reform politics • Democrats were labeled “soft on communism” • Reds were Communists • Pinks would gradually help lead America to Communism • Even called FDR’s New Deal “20 years of treason.”Creeping Socialism

  10. McCarthyism & the Cold War Prominence of McCarthyism was fueled by fears and tensions of the early Cold War. The years surrounding McCarthyism were marked by Cold War setbacks and revelations about real spies. 1949 China becomes Communist (1/5 world pop.) 1949 Alger Hiss, a top state dept official is tried and convicted for passing classified docs to the Soviets. 1949 The Soviet Union tested its 1st Atomic Bomb Several Americans, Julius and Ethyl Rosenberg, worked in a spy ring to pass atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. Tried and executed for treason in 1953 1.3A: McCarthyism

  11. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • What do you see ion this film poster? • What is the “Red Menace? • How can you tell? • What do you think the filmmaker’s purpose was in making this film? • How do you think moviegoers responded to the film’s message? • What conclusions can you draw about Americans’ cultural attitudes during the McCarthy era? Explain • In this transparency we see a promotional poster for the film The Red Menace, a stridently anti-Communist film made in 1949.

  12. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • Anti-Communist Sentiment Pervades American Life • Hysteria and paranoia of McCarthyism permeated Am society and culture • Every aspect of society and culture was touched the anti-Communist fervor • Some consequences were extreme and comical. • However, the impact of McCarthyism was serious and long lasting

  13. Tree Map

  14. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • Political Discourse • American politics swung heavily to the right, Republican and conservative. • Proposals by Democrats to increase the govt role in any program was viewed as leading to RED. (Creeping Socialism.) • 1948 - Truman’s proposal for health care was defeated. • Communists favored “compulsory health insurance.” • 1950s - Jonas Salk invented the Polio vaccine, it was suggested that all school age children be vaccinated for free. • However, Eisenhower’s sec’y of health, argued against vaccinating saying it would be “socialized medicine through the back door.” • Govt Funding for vaccinations cut by 70%

  15. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • Lawmaking • In Texas, membership in the Comm Party was a felony and punishable by 20 years in prison. • The governor vetoed the bill, calling for death. • NY City, fisherman had to pledge their loyalty to the US to get their fishing license. • Indiana, wrestlers took a loyalty oath to get their license to wrestle. • Federal Level…Communist Control Act of ‘54 - illegal to be a member of the Comm Party. • 6 Concentration camps scattered around the country to house suspected Communists

  16. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • Education • Anti-Communist hysteria heavily impacted education. • Teachers/Professors required to tale loyalty oaths. • Textbooks emphasized patriotic themes, promoted anti-RED propaganda • High Schools told students to report suspicious behavior. • “Un-American” books were banned and removed from libraries.

  17. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • The Film Industry • Prime target. • Constantly attacked by HUAC • Writers, producers, actors and directors tried to defend themselves, but ruined their career. • “Blacklisted” - banished from working in the industry. • John Wayne Gary Cooper , Walt Disney founded Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals. • “co-existence is a myth and neutrality impossible … anyone who is not fighting Communism is helping Communism.

  18. 1.3B: Anti-Communist Sentiment in American Society • The Film Industry • Film studios churned numerous anti-Communist films • The Iron Curtain, The Red Menace, The Steel Fist. • 1952, 12 anti-Communist movies were made

  19. What do you see here? • If this cartoon were in color, what color do you think the paint would be? Why? • What do you think the cartoon is saying about what will happen to McCarthy next? • How do you think the cartoonist felt about McCarthy?

  20. 1.3C: The End of McCarthyism • McCarthy Falls • Despite all of the hysteria, NO conspirators were ever found. • McCarthy Never proved his conspiracy theory. • Political power waned, supporters abandoned him. • Finally overreached himself when he shouted at a general on TV • “You are a disgrace to the uniform. You’re shielding communist conspirators … You’re not fit to be an officer. You’re ignorant.” • He ranted, raved, and even appeared to slur his speech as if he was drunk.

  21. 1.3C: The End of McCarthyism • McCarthy Falls • American s grew tired of his bullying tactics. • He disgraced general, congressman, Pres. Eisenhower. • He was censured by the Senate, 67-22 • Died of liver failure 3 years later in 1957

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