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Ion Channels defined. Literature Grows. Early Models. KcsA K channel structures. Gulbis structure. 3 Kinds of nervous signal. AP recording. HH AP. Single Na Channels. State diagram for Na Ch. Early Models. Ion channel disease 1. Ion channel disease 2. Ionic current moving ions.
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Ludwig Boltzmann Question: How is the internal energy in a system containing a large number of particles (N) distributed among the particles? Ans.:there will be more particles with low energy (U) than with high Boltzmann constant (R/Na ) N N(U) = A exp -(U/ kbT) n1 n2 U U1 U2
Current-Voltage Relations E is potential in volts
Na:K ATPase, a Stoichiometric Transporter Moves 3Na+ out and 2K+ in per ATP. Stoichiometry of a pump