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Distribution System Analysis for Smart Grid

Distribution System Analysis for Smart Grid. Roger C. Dugan Sr. Technical Executive, EPRI Webcast Feb 8, 2011. EPRI Power Systems Modeling/Analysis Group. Resource group -- systems modeling, simulation, analysis Consulting services from generation to end-use

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Distribution System Analysis for Smart Grid

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  1. Distribution System Analysis for Smart Grid Roger C. DuganSr. Technical Executive, EPRI Webcast Feb 8, 2011

  2. EPRI Power Systems Modeling/Analysis Group • Resource group -- systems modeling, simulation, analysis • Consulting services from generation to end-use • Resource support for R&D collaborative efforts • Transmission planning • Operations • Distribution planning and operations • Substation design • Power quality

  3. The Smart Grid • SG is different things to different people • Communications and control • Typically not represented in DSA (at present) • Distributed Resources • Generation, Storage, Demand Response • Test Feeders WG has done large induction machines • Monitoring • Protection • Energy Efficiency

  4. Smart Grid Features • Distributed Resources • Generation • Renewable Generation • Variable sources • Energy Storage • Demand Response

  5. Smart Grid Features, cont’d • Communications and Control • AMI deployed throughout the system • High-speed communications to Metering and Controls • State Estimation

  6. Impact of SG on Distribution System Analysis? • What DSA framework is needed to support all features of the SG? • Will there be a need for DSA if everything is monitored thoroughly? • What could we do if we know more about the system? • How will merging of planning, monitoring and DSE change DSA tools?

  7. Role of Distribution System Analysis • Distribution state estimation • Emergency reconfiguration • Account for missing data, failed comm • EPRI vision • Planning and DMS will converge into one set of tools (Real time and planning will merge) • Continued need for DSA tools • Different form and more capabilities

  8. Open source of EPRI’s Distribution System Simulator (DSS) developed in 1997 open sourced in 2008 to collaborate with other research projects OpenDSS designed to capture Time-specific benefits and Location-specific benefits Differentiating features full multiphase model numerous solution modes “dynamic” power flow system controls flexible load models Needed for analysis of DG/renewables energy efficiency PHEV/EV non-typical loadshapes Advanced Simulation Platform -- OpenDSS Download for free from http://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss

  9. Computing Annual Losses Peak load losses are not necessarily indicative of annual losses

  10. Overall Model Concept

  11. Supporting Renewables

  12. Solar PV Simulation 1-hr Intervals What is the Capacity Gain? Peak is not reduced

  13. Can DMS Enable Increased Capacity? Shorter DurationOf Peak

  14. Cloud Transients: 1-sec Interval Impact on Feeder Voltage

  15. Solar Ramping Basic Solar Ramp Function Voltage Pushed over limit on recovery Regulators compensate for drop

  16. Regulator Response for Series of Cloud Transients Regulator Operations

  17. “Headroom” for PV Voltage Profile for 40% Load Use DMS to Regulate Lower to Allow More “Headroom” for DG Voltage Profile for 100% Load More efficient, too??

  18. PV Steady-State Voltage • Maximum change in voltage • PV at increased penetration until limit exceeded • Use of volt/var control accommodates added PV before violations occur Substation Baseline – No PV 10% PV 15% PV 20% PV 20% PV and VVC Analysis results from other feeders indicate 25%-100% more PV can be accommodated using VVC DV

  19. Primary Voltage Response with Volt/Var Control 12 kV Voltage 1.05 20% PV 1.025 1 20% PV w/ volt-var control V (pu) 0.975 0.95 Baseline – No PV 0.925 0.9 0 4 8 12 16 20 Hour

  20. Storage

  21. Generic Storage Element Model(OpenDSS Model) Idle | Discharge | Charge % Eff. Charge/Discharge Other Key Properties % ReservekWhRatedkWhStored%StoredkWRated etc. kW, kvar Idling Losses kWh STORED

  22. Controlling Storage from DMS Time + Discharge ratePeak ShavingLoad FollowingLoadshape Discharge ModeCharge ModekW TargetDischarge TimeTotal Fleet kW CapacityTotal Fleet kWh et. al. Substation controller/DMS Comm Link V, I Substation Storage “Fleet”

  23. Simple Substation Peak Shaving

  24. Attempting Peak Shave Every Day About Right Too Early

  25. Accounting for Storage Losses Charging DIscharging Charging energy > Discharging energy (compare areas)

  26. Key Distribution Modeling Capabilities for Smart Grid • Distributed generation modeling • Time series simulations • Efficiency studies • Meshed networks • Large systems • Parallel computing • Distribution state estimation • Protective relay simulation • AMI Load data • Modeling controllers • Modeling comm • Work flow integration

  27. Key Challenges • Merging Planning and Real-Time Analysis • Very Large System Models • Systems Communications Simulations • Large Volume of AMI Data • AMI-based Decision Making • Time Series Simulations • Distribution State Estimation

  28. Key Challenges, Cont’d • Detailed LV Modeling • Including multiple feeders, transmission • DG Integration and Protection • Generator and Inverter Models • Meshed (Looped) Network Systems • Regulatory Time Pressures

  29. Reference • R.C. Dugan, R. F. Arritt, T. E. McDermott, S. M. Brahma, K. P. Schneider, “Distribution System Analysis To Support the Smart Grid”, presented at 2010 IEEE PES General Meeting, Minneapolis, MN

  30. Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity

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