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China: From Republic to Communist Power

China: From Republic to Communist Power. China before WWII. Had a revolution in 1911 Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – push around by European imperialist powers. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925). Led the Revolution of 1911.

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China: From Republic to Communist Power

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  1. China: From Republic to Communist Power

  2. China before WWII • Had a revolution in 1911 • Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system • Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – push around by European imperialist powers

  3. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925) Led the Revolution of 1911

  4. Chinese Warlords, 1920s • China was in chaos after the revolution • Warlords established control Yuan Shi-kai

  5. China in 1924

  6. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary • One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao • Focused on getting support of peasants

  7. Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928 The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

  8. The Long March 1934

  9. The Long March

  10. Survivors of the March

  11. Japan Invades China 1937

  12. Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945 Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere of influence”

  13. The Communist Revolution: 1946 - 1949

  14. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949 • Civil War began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China

  15. The Communist Victory

  16. Taiwan: The Republic of China

  17. Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975) (Chiang Kai-shek)

  18. The People’s Republic of China

  19. Reasons for the Communists’ Success • Mao won support of peasants – land • Mao won support of women • Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics • Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)

  20. Communist China Under Mao • Industrialized China • Increased literacy • Class privileges ended • Rural Chinese received health care • One-party dictatorship • Denied people basic rights and freedoms

  21. The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961

  22. Great Leap Forward, 1958 • 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry • Built backyard furnaces to make iron • Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE

  23. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976

  24. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” • Old Thoughts • Old Culture • Old Customs • Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!

  25. Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.

  26. Cultural Revolution • Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit • To deflect from Great Leap Forward’s failure • Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

  27. A Red Guard

  28. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968) Cult of Personality

  29. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book

  30. Propaganda Poster

  31. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!1967-1972

  32. Propaganda Poster

  33. Propaganda Poster

  34. Propaganda Poster

  35. Assignment *Page 539 *Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes. *Answer the skillbuilder questions.

  36. Japan’s Invasion

  37. Japanese Soldiers March into NankingDecember 9, 1937

  38. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

  39. The Japanese Invasion, 1937

  40. Beheadings Took Place in Public

  41. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

  42. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

  43. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists 1976 Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

  44. Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy

  45. Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

  46. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations”Progress in: • Agriculture • Industry • Science • Defense Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

  47. Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

  48. Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!

  49. Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

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