Understanding Prenatal Development: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Pre= _______ Natal=______ PCD Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development

2. TERMS • Egg (ovum) • female cell needed for reproduction • Uterus – • Fallopian Tube • Ovary • Cervix • Vagina http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/bodybasics_female_repro.html

3. Fallopian Tube • Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

4. Ovulation • Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries

5. Hormones • Chemicals in the body that cause changes

6. Uterus • Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.

7. TERMS Sperm • male cell needed for reproduction Testicle- male organ where sperm are produced Vas Deferenes – tube that connects the Testicles to the Urethra Urethra – tube that allows urine and semen to be released Ejaculation – the release of semen Semen – a mixture of sperm and other bodily fluids http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/male_repro.html

8. TERMS • Conception (fertilization)-the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy

9. What happens during conception? #1 Sperm swim through the cervix, through the uterus, into the Fallopian tubes.

10. What happens during conception? #2 If Egg present, sperm crowd around it and try to break through the surface.

11. What happens during conception? • Only one sperm is successful.

12. What happens during conception? • Fertilization ONLY OCCURS IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBES

13. What happens during conception? • Once inside sperm seals out remaining sperm, which eventually die.

14. What happens during conception? • Fertilized egg, travels down the fallopian tube into uterus and attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION!

15. Let’s SEE Conception for ourselves!! • http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-fertilization_10354435.bc

16. Implantation • Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.

17. Blastocyst • A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining

18. Amniotic Sac • “Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid

19. Amniotic Fluid • Liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy “My water broke.” is a term women use. It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.

20. Umbilical Cord • Long tube that connects the placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby

21. Placenta • Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman • rich in blood vessels • transports food and oxygen from mom to baby • Transports waste from baby to mom

22. Full Term • Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.

23. Prenatal Terms • Quickening • 4-5th month • When mother feels that baby move • Lightening • Baby drops into pelvic area before birth

24. Order of Development • A baby’s development is grouped into three stages: • Zygote • Embryo • Fetus.

25. 1st Stage: Zygote/Fertilized Egg • Conception-2 weeks of pregnancy • fertilized egg and implantation • Travels down fallopian tube • Attaches itself to uterus • Grows by cell division • 2 weeks, size of pinhead

26. Zygote

27. 2nd Stage: Embryohttp://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/embryo/embryo.html# • 3-8 weeks • 1st-Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body • 2nd-Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo • 3rd-Placenta • 4th-Umbilical Cord

28. Embryo

29. The Stages of Zygote & Embryo Division multiply

30. Let’s take a closer look!!! • http://bit.ly/10wwxe

31. 3rd Stage: FetusFinal Stage • 2nd-9th Month • 1st time child is called fetus • Human-like features • Fetal movement • 4th and/or 5th month • Labor occurs • Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born

32. Fetus

33. Fetus

34. Trimester • 3 month period • 3 trimesters = full term pregnancy • 1st trimester – months 1, 2, 3 • 2nd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 • 3rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9

35. “Trimester Graphic Organizer”

36. 1st Trimester • http://www.babycenter.com/fetal-development-images-3-weeks

37. First Trimester - First Month • Baby • Size of a pin head at two weeks • Egg attached to lining of the uterus. • Called Zygote until it attaches then becomes an embryo • The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, is beating. • Internal organs and circulatory system begin to form • Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs • Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop • Mother • Missed period • Enlarged breasts • Frequent urination

39. First Month

40. First TrimesterTwo Months • Mother • Swelling of breasts • Increased urination due to pressure on bladder • Nausea • “Morning sickness” • Baby • Zygote 1/4 inch long and has distinct, slightly webbed fingers. • Face, eyes, ears, and limb develop. • Bones begin to form • 8 weeks, changes from embryo to a fetus • Will remain fetus until birth • Veins are clearly visible. • The heart has divided into right and left chambers. • Penis begins to appear in boys • Baby is moving • although the mother can not yet feel movement

41. Video:1:54 Inside Pregnancy: Boy or Girl?

42. Two Months

43. First TrimesterThree Months • Mother • Breasts firmer/fuller, may ache • Nausea • Fatique • Frequent urination may continue • Abdomen slightly larger • Wt. gain may total 2-4 lbs. • Baby • 1 in. long as mth. Begins • Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, eyelids form • Fingers and toes almost developed • All organs present, although immature • Begun swallowing and kicking • Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler

44. http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-10-to-14_10308108.bchttp://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-10-to-14_10308108.bc

45. 1st Trimester OVERVIEW Do not copy • Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks • Fertilized attaches to thick lining of uterus • Cell division begins • Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception • Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus • All major organ systems form • Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by end of this stage • At 4 weeks - 1/6 of an inch long • Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are forming

46. Second Trimester Four Months • Mother • Appetite increases • Most unpleasantness of early pregnancy, such as morning sickness, usually gone • Abdomen cont. to grow slowly • Baby • 3 in long • Weighs 1 oz. as mth. Begins • Can suck thumb, swallow, hiccup, and move around • Facial features become clearer • Covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo. • Heartbeat can be heard clearly • This is when you may feel your baby's first kick. • Tooth buds are developing • not able to survive outside the mother's body • Sex is identifiable

47. http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-15-to-20_10308111.bchttp://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-15-to-20_10308111.bc

48. 4 months

49. Second Trimester Five Months • Mother • Enlarged abdomen becomes apparent • Slight fetal movements • increased size of abdominal area may begin to affect posture • breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum • Baby • 6 ½-7 inches long • weighs almost 4-5 oz. • Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear • Teeth cont. to develop • Organs are maturing • Becomes more active • Protective coating called vernix caseosa begins to form on baby's skin. • ver·nix ca·se·o·sa