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Analyzing Study Findings: Presentation, Discussion & Critique

Learn methods to present research findings, discuss study results, and critique published studies. Understand implications, conclusions, and recommendations while distinguishing statistical from clinical significance. Enhance your ability to relate findings to hypotheses.

michaeldking
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Analyzing Study Findings: Presentation, Discussion & Critique

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  1. 16 Presentation and Discussion of Study Findings

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe The Methods Used To Present Research Findings • Discuss The Findings Of Research Studies • Relate Study Findings To Study Hypotheses • Distinguish Between Statistical And Clinical Significance

  3. Learning Objectives Identify The Conclusions Of Research Studies Determine the Implications Of Research Studies Discuss The Recommendations Of Research Studies Critique The Findings, Conclusions, Implications, And Recommendations Of Published Research Studies

  4. Learning Objective OneIdentify The Conclusions Of Research Studies

  5. Presentation of Factual Findings • Narrative form • Tables

  6. Narrative Presentation • Clear and concise • Qualitative studies • Narrative predominates • Direct quotes and discussion of patterns and themes from data

  7. Narrative Presentation (cont’d) • Quantitative studies • Present data that support or fail to support each hypothesis • Should include the statistical test used, test results, degrees of freedom, and probability value

  8. Tables • Easy to understand and interpret • A footnote should include • Statistical test that was used • Test results • Degrees of freedom • Probability value

  9. Tables (cont’d) • Table composition • Columns • Rows • Cells

  10. Figures • Type of visual presentation other than a table • Include graphs, diagrams, line drawings, and photographs • Particularly useful in presenting demographic data about subjects

  11. Learning Objective TwoDetermine the Implications Of Research Studies

  12. Discussion of the Findings • Allows the researcher to make interpretations of the findings • More subjective section than the presentation of the findings • Discusses aspects of results that agree and those that do not agree with previous research and theoretical explanations • Reports study limitations

  13. Learning Objective ThreeDiscuss The Recommendations Of Research Studies

  14. Relation of Study Findings to Hypotheses • Presentation of inferential statistics used to test the hypotheses

  15. Results of Hypothesis Testing • The null hypothesis is not rejected. • The null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is supported. • The null hypothesis is rejected and results are opposite from the prediction of the research hypothesis.

  16. Research Hypothesis Supported • Degree of certainty • Not due to chance

  17. Null Hypothesis Not Rejected • Negative results may be as important as positive results. • Be objective • Explain negative results

  18. Results Not Consistent With Research Hypothesis • Not supportive of the study’s theoretical framework • May be incongruent with previous research results • Give tentative explanations • Recommend further research

  19. Learning Objective FourCritique The Findings, Conclusions, Implications, And Recommendations Of Published Research Studies

  20. Statistical Versus Clinical Significance • Statistical significance • Null hypothesis has been rejected. • Differences or correlations are not likely to be by chance. • May not be clinically important

  21. Statistical Versus Clinical Significance (cont’d) • Clinical significance • Findings may be useful in clinical setting with patients. • Best outcome • Statistically and clinically significant

  22. Learning Objective FiveIdentify The Conclusions Of Research Studies

  23. Study Conclusions • Knowledge gained • Findings generalized • Discussion focus • Study problem, purpose, hypothesis, and theoretical framework

  24. Learning Objective SixDetermine the Implications Of Research Studies

  25. Implications • The “shoulds” that result from a study • Conceivable changes that are based on the conclusions of the study • More research is called for to further verify the study results. • No change is needed. • Changes need to be made based on the study conclusions.

  26. Learning Objective SevenDiscuss The Recommendations Of Research Studies

  27. Recommendations • Propose replications • Consider study limitations • Suggest extension of study

  28. Replication of the Research Study • Involves carrying out a study similar to one previously done • Minor changes are made from the previous study.

  29. Consideration of Study Limitations in Future Research • Alteration in the sample • Alteration in the instrument • Control of variables • Change in methodology

  30. Extensions of the Research Study • Suggests future research based on • Findings of a particular study • Findings of previous research • Current state of the theoretical framework that was used in the study

  31. Learning Objective EightCritique The Findings, Conclusions, Implications, And Recommendations Of Published Research Studies

  32. Critique the Findings • Be objective • Use subjective interpretations • Formulate implications for practice, education, and research • Offer recommendations

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