Topic : Immunity Aim : Describe the structure and role of pathogens in causing disease.

1. Topic: Immunity Aim: Describe the structure and role of pathogens in causing disease. Do Now: Take out your Immune System reading notes and your skeletal system picture to finish labeling. HW: Castle Learning Skeletal, Muscular and Immune Systems due Tuesday, March 22nd

4. Do Now: With your 3:00 partner, identify and describe the function of structures A, B and C in the diagram. A – Skeletal muscle • Attach to bone to aid in movement B - Ligament • Connect bone to bone C - Tendon • Connect muscle to bone

5. Identify the name of organisms that cause disease. • PATHOGENS • Prefix??? • From Greek pathos "disease” • Suffix??? • From French -génique "producing"

6. Examples of pathogens???

7. Schistosoma mansoni is a major parasitic pathogen that causes schistosomiasis. You can become infected when your skin comes in contact with contaminated freshwater. Schistosomiasis accounts for greater than a ¼ of a million deaths per year. These not found in the U.S. Why?

8. Within days after becoming infected, they may develop a rash or itchy skin. Within 1-2 months of infection, symptoms may develop including fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches. Symptoms of chronic schistosomiasis include: abdominal pain, enlarged liver, blood in the stool or blood in the urine, problems passing urine, and increased risk of bladder cancer.

9. 1. Which 3 systems provide the body with its first line of defense against pathogens? • Integumentary • Respiratory • Digestive

13. 2. Identify what is produced when foreign materials get past the 1st line of defense. • White blood cells

15. 3. Identify the protein on pathogens that your body does not recognize. • Antigen

19. 4. Identify what attaches to the antigen on the pathogen. • Antibodies

24. On the pathogen 1. Identify the labeled structures. 2. Where are antigens located? 3. Describe the shape of an antibody. 4. Describe the relationship between an antigen and an antibody. 5. Identify other substances in the body have that this same type of relationship. A Pathogen Y shape Antigen B Antibody Shapes match C Neurotransmitters and receptors Hormones and receptors

25. 5. Identify the type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. • B-lymphocytes

27. 6. Describe immunity. • Resistance to a sickness (DISEASE)

28. 7. Identify the 2 types of immunity. • Active immunity • Passive immunity

29. 8. Identify the type of immunity that occurs when antibodies are NOT produced by the person’s own body but given to the body from another source. • Passive immunity

30. 9. How can a person develop PASSIVE immunity?

31. 9. How can a person develop PASSIVE immunity? • New born baby  only have antibodies from mother: • during pregnancy • through breast milk

32. Receiving antibodies

33. 10. Identify the type of immunity developed when the body produces its own antibodies. • Active Immunity

34. 11. Identify the 2 ways you can develop ACTIVE immunity.

35. 11. Identify the 2 ways you can develop ACTIVE immunity. • When your body FIGHTS against any specific PATHOGEN your have developed antibodies against • By receiving a VACCINE

36. 12. Identify what makes up a vaccine. • Small amounts of weakened or dead pathogens.

37. 13. Explain why a vaccine causes active immunity. • B cells are called into action to create antibodies as is you were fighting a real illness.

39. Memory Cells • Another type of lymphocyte • Also produced when pathogens enter the body. • Remain in the blood ready the defend against invasion of the same pathogen at another time

40. Let’s summarize… • What is a pathogen? • Identify the body’s 1st line of defense against pathogens. • Identify the proteins found on the surface of pathogens. • Identify the proteins produced to help fight the pathogen. • Identify the 2 types of immunity. • How can you get passive immunity? • How can you get active immunity? • Identify the contents of a vaccine?

41. A B C

42. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood? a. nutrients  b. vaccines  c. antibodies d. red blood cells

43. Which phrase does not describe a way the human body responds to fight disease? • destruction of infectious agents by white blood cells • production of antibodies by white blood cells • increased production of white blood cells • production of pathogens by white blood cells

44. Which statement does not identify a characteristic of antibodies? a. They are produced by the body in response to the presence of foreign substances. b. They may be produced in response to an antigen. c. They are nonspecific, acting against any foreign substance in the body. d. They may be produced by white blood cells.

45. Which statement best describes an immune response? a. It always produces antibiotics. b. It usually involves the recognition and destruction of pathogens. c. It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance in pathogens. d. It releases red blood cells that destroy parasites.

46. Part of the body’s first line of defense against disease-causing organisms is • the immune system b. the skin c. antibodies d. interferon

47. Molecules that are foreign to your body are called • antibodies b. white blood cells c. antigens d. histamines

48. A(n) __ is a substance made by an organism in response to invading substances and disease-causing organisms. • allergen b. antibody c. antigen d. pathogen

49. The immune system of humans may respond to chemicals on the surface of an invading organism. • What are these chemicals on the surface called? • Explain what will happen once these chemicals enter the body.

50. Which statement best describes an immune response? • It always produces antibiotics. • It usually involves the recognition and destruction of pathogens. • It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance in pathogens. • It releases red blood cells that destroy parasites.