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Word semantics 1 DAY 26 – Oct 28, 2013

Word semantics 1 DAY 26 – Oct 28, 2013. Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane University. Course organization. The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110/ .

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Word semantics 1 DAY 26 – Oct 28, 2013

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  1. Word semantics 1DAY 26 – Oct 28, 2013 Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane University

  2. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Course organization • The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110/. • If you want to learn more about EEG and neurolinguistics, you are welcome to participate in my lab. This is also a good way to get started on an honor's thesis. • The grades are posted to Blackboard.

  3. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Review I know, the quiz was the review, but let's review again.

  4. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Linguistic model, Fig. 2.1 p. 37 Discourse model Semantics Sentence level Syntax Sentence prosody Word level Morphology Word prosody Segmental phonology perception Segmental phonology production Acoustic phonetics Feature extraction Articulatory phonetics Speech motor control INPUT

  5. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What causes the priming effect?Table 9.4

  6. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University A little too early • The previous experiment suggests that prefixes and suffixes are processed differently. • I want to introduce a model of word semantics first, and then we will return to this issue. • Ingram has a good summary of a PET and a MEG experiment on morphological processing. • MEG is more informative, but to understand the results, we need to wait until we have discussed Broca’s area.

  7. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Lexical semantics 1 Ingram: III. Lexical semantics, §10.

  8. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Some semantic relations • synonymy • words share the same meaning: violin ~ fiddle • antonymy • words have opposite meanings: long ~ short • hypernymy • one word ‘contains’ the meaning of another in a taxonomy: animal ~ horse • hyponymy • one word is ‘contained’ in the meaning of another in a taxonomy: horse ~ animal • holonymy • one word is a whole for the meaning of another: hand ~ finger • meronymy • one word is a part for the meaning of another: finger ~ hand • metonymy • a part of a concept stands for the whole concept: Hollywood ~ American movie industry

  9. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University PolysemyWrite down all the meanings of “play” that you can think of. • Activity for amusement only, especially among the young. • The conduct, or course of a game. • An individual's performance in a sport or game. • An action carried out when it is one's turn to play. • A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue. • A theatrical performance featuring actors. • A major move by a business. • The extent to which a part of a mechanism can move freely. • A geological formation that contains an accumulation or prospect of hydrocarbons or other resources.

  10. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Semantic anomalies anomaly intended expression ? a flask of whiskey ? your heart’s content phrase structure bang my finger with a hammer • a club for married bachelors • a vase of whiskey • colorless green ideas • your heart’s dissent • freeze structure • bang my hammer with a finger

  11. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Write down every word that you associate with this object

  12. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University

  13. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Semantic networks Ingram goes into great detail on Quillian’s Teachable Language Comprehender (TLC); I could not find an image, but this illustrates the idea just as well.

  14. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University NEXT TIME Continue with word semantics

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