Biomes

1. Biomes Chapter 6

2. Biomes • List ANYTHING and EVERYTHING you know about Biomes

3. Chapter 6 Section 1 Objectives • 1. Describe how plants determine the name of a biome. • 2. Explain how temperature and precipitation determine which plants grow in an area. • 3. Explain how latitude and altitude affect which plants grow in an area.

4. Chapter 6 Section 1 Vocab • Biome • Climate • Latitude • Altitude

5. Biomes • Typically described by vegetation • Give us best picture • Organisms have many adaptations that allow them to live in their area • Size, shape, color • Ex: Desert plants have no leaves from which to lose water

6. Biome v. Ecosystem • The biosphere is the largest realm • Then a biome • Then an ecosystem • They are similar, but BIOME is BIGGER

7. Factors that determine biome plant life • Climate is the most important factor of them all • Temperature • Precipitation • Winds • Humidity **Temperature and Precipitation are key**

8. Describe them! • Hot OR Cold; Wet OR Dry • Chaparral • Desert • Savannah • Taiga • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Temperate Grasslands • Temperate Rain Forest • Tropical Rain Forest • Tundra

10. Who lives where? • Every organism needs certain temperatures to survive • Every organism needs water • Bigger organisms need more water • More water, more vegetation, more animals

11. Latitude and Altitude • Both affect climate • Affects vegetation • Affects Biome • Latitude—think rungs on a ladder • Closer to equator, warmer temperatures • Altitude—height (think plane) • Closer to ground, warmer

13. Chapter 6 Section 1 Objectives 1. Describe how plants determine the name of a biome. 2. Explain how temperature and precipitation determine which plants grow in an area. 3. Explain how latitude and altitude affect which plants grow in an area.

14. Chapter 6 Section 2 Objectives • 1. List three characteristics of tropical rain forests. • 2. Name and describe the main layers of a tropical rain forest. • 3. Describe one plant in a temperate deciduous forest and an adaptation that helps the • plant survive. • 4. Describe one adaptation that may help an animal survive in the taiga. • 5. Name two threats to the world’s forest biomes.

15. Chapter 6 Section 2 Vocab • Tropical Rain Forest • Emergent Layer • Canopy • Epiphyte

16. Chapter 6 Section 2 Vocab • Understory • Temperate Rain Forest • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Taiga

17. TROPICAL RAINFOREST • Huge amount of diversity • Taste the rainforest! • Near the equator

18. TROPICAL RAINFOREST • Important in N, O, C cycles • Humid and warm • 200-450 cm rain a year! • Lots of sun • Stable temperature • Most species of all biomes • Poor soil (nutrients decay fast)

20. Climatograms • X axis? ________________ • Y axis? ________________ • Blue bars? _____________ • Red line? ______________

21. Layers of the rainforest

22. Layers of the rainforest • The four layers are • Emergent layer • Upper canopy • Lower canopy • Understory • You go from—top to bottom • You go from—brightest to darkest

23. Layers of the rainforest • Each layer contains different factors that result in different organisms • Emergent Layer • Tallest trees (60-70m!) • These plants emerge into the light

24. Layers of the rainforest • Canopy • Both an upper and lower section • Upper—more light • Lower—less light • Location of epiphytes • Main layer • 30 ft tall • Dense layer • Absorbs 95% of the light • Most animals and flowers live here

26. Rainforest Diversity • Greatest amount of diversity in any biome • Covers less than 7% of the earth’s surface • Houses over 50% of earth’s species • HUMAN Threats • Rainforest area went from 20% to 7% • Constantly cutting down land • Leads to habitat destruction—the land that these animals once had is destroyed or altered • 50 million people live in the rainforest • Trade animals (exotic pets) • Illegal • Decreases biodiversity

27. Human Threats

29. TEMPERATE RAIN FORESTS • Located in North America, Australia, New Zealand • Lots of precipitation • High humidity • Moderate Temperatures

30. TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST • 90m tall trees • Silver pine, redwood • Mosses • Ferns • Never freezes (ocean acts as buffer)

31. TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST • Us! • 30-50º Northern latitude • Leaves drop from trees in fall • Extreme temperate ranges • Short growing season • Rich soil

32. Layers of the Deciduous forest • There are layers in the deciduous forest just like the rain forests • Canopy and understory • More light at the bottom than the tropical rainforest

33. How do we adapt to the seasons?

34. Season adaptations • Occur in both plants and animals1 • Plants • In the fall, drop their leaves • Not enough sun to keep them going • In the winter, plants are completely leafless • Seeds and bulbs are dormant • In the spring, new leaves emerge • Also grow shoots, stems, and roots

35. Seasonal adaptations • Animals • Migration • Especially birds, monarch butterfly • Hibernate • Eat vegetation at different heights • Less competition

36. TAIGA • Just below the Arctic Circle • Long winters • 6-10 months! • Below freezing temperatures • Growth during summer • Almost whole days of sunlight! • More precipitation

37. Plants of the Taiga • Mostly conifers • Cone bearers • Cone shaped trees • Conifers are good at preventing water loss • Important when temperatures are freezing • Shape prevents them being snapped under weight of snow • Acidic soil • Due to pine needles on ground

38. Animals of the Taiga • Live near water • Lakes and swamps • Migrating birds • Animals Hibernate or burrow • Change color to avoid being seen

39. Chapter 6 Section 2 Objectives 1. List three characteristics of tropical rain forests. 2. Name and describe the main layers of a tropical rain forest. 3. Describe one plant in a temperate deciduous forest and an adaptation that helps the plant survive. 4. Describe one adaptation that may help an animal survive in the taiga. 5. Name two threats to the world’s forest biomes.

40. Chapter 6 Section 3 Objectives • 1. Describe the difference between tropical and temperate grasslands. • 2. Describe the climate in a chaparral biome. • 3. Describe two desert animals and the adaptations that help them survive. • 4. Describe one threat to the tundra biome.

41. Chapter 6 Section 3 Vocab • Savannah • Temperate Grassland • Chaparral • Desert • Tundra • Permafrost

42. Name or describe every organism you can from The Lion King

43. SAVANNA • Africa, West India, Northern Australia, and Southern America • Grasslands • Wet seasons—only real time of rain • Only a few months • Only time plants can grow

44. Plants of the Savanna • Must be able to deal with drought • In dry season, many drop leaves, or die down • Roots are horizontal to absorb more moisture at surface • Grasses • Trees • Thorns or sharp leaves • Keep herbivores away

45. Animals of the Savanna • Mostly grazers • Follow rains and water • Give birth during the rainy season • Better chance babies survive • Eat at different heights of plants • Herbivores: antelope, giraffe, elephants • Carnivores: cheetahs, lions, hyenas

47. Spotlight: Giraffes • Tongue is black • Gestation period is 15 months! • Eats up to 75 pounds of leaves a day • Male tastes female’s urine to see if she is in heat • Heart is 2 feet long! • Male is bull, female is cow • A baby will fall approximately 6 feet during birth before hitting the ground

48. TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS • Moderate rain, but not enough for trees • North America, Steppes in Asia, veldt in South Africa, pampas in South America • Mountains are important—taller grasses east of them

49. Plants of the temperate grasslands • Grasses and wildflowers • Many diverse species • Shrubs and trees on banks of rivers • Deep and dense roots to survive fire and drought • Fertile soil • Slow decay (due to cold) • Lots of new organic material (grasses die off) • Great for crops!

50. Animals of the temperate grassland • Mostly grazers • EX: antelope, bison • Long, flat chewing teeth • Burrowers • Badgers, prairie dogs, burrowing owls • Protected in burrows from cold and predators