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Understanding the Female Reproductive System

Learn about the organs and functions of the female reproductive system, including ovaries, uterus, and uterine tubes. Explore the processes of oogenesis and the ovarian cycle, as well as the anatomy of the uterus. Discover how fertilization occurs in the uterine tubes and the importance of each anatomical landmark.

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Understanding the Female Reproductive System

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  1. Chapter 28, part 3 The Reproductive System

  2. SECTION 28-3The Reproductive System of the Female

  3. Principle organs of the female reproductive system • Ovaries • Uterine tubes • Uterus • Vagina

  4. Support and stabilization • Ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus enclosed within broad ligament • Mesovarium supports and stabilizes ovary

  5. Figure 28.13 The Female Reproductive System Figure 28.13

  6. The ovaries • Held in position by ovarian and suspensory ligaments • Blood vessels enter at ovarian hilus • Tunica albuginea covers ovary

  7. Figure 28.14 The Ovaries and Their Relationships to the Uterine Tube and Uterus Figure 28.14a, b

  8. Oogenesis • Ovum production • Occurs monthly in ovarian follicles • Part of ovarian cycle • Follicular phase (preovulatory) • Luteal phase (postovulatory)

  9. Figure 28.15 Oogenesis Figure 28.15

  10. The ovarian cycle • Steps in the ovarian cycle • Formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles • Ovulation • Formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum • Degradation of the corpus luteum

  11. Figure 28.16 The Ovarian Cycle Figure 28.16

  12. Figure 28.16 The Ovarian Cycle Figure 28.16

  13. The Uterine tubes • Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes or oviducts) • Infundibulum • End closest to the ovary with numerous fimbriae • Ampulla • The middle portion • Isthmus • A short segment connected to the uterine wall

  14. Each uterine tube opens directly into uterine cavity • Fertilization occurs in uterine tube • 12-24 hours after ovulation • During passage from infundibulum to uterus

  15. Figure 28.17 The Uterine Tubes Figure 28.17a-c

  16. The uterus • Muscular organ • Mechanical protection • Nutritional support • Waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus • Supported by the broad ligament and 3 pairs of suspensory ligaments

  17. Uterus • Major anatomical landmarks • Body • Isthmus • Cervix • Cervical os (internal orifice) • Uterine cavity • Cervical canal • Internal os (internal orifice)

  18. Uterine wall consists of three layers: • Myometrium – outer muscular layer • Endometrium – a thin, inner, glandular mucosa • Perimetrium – an incomplete serosa continuous with the peritoneum

  19. Figure 28.18 The Uterus Figure 28.18a, b

  20. Figure 28.18 The Uterus Figure 28.18c

  21. Figure 28.19 The Uterine Wall Figure 28.19a

  22. Figure 28.19 The Uterine Wall Figure 28.19b

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