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Pathological

Pathological. Bones and Joints. ankylosis. 1. The growing together of bones to form a single unit. 2. The stiffening of a joint as the result of such abnormal fusion. c arpal tunnel syndrome.

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Pathological

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  1. Pathological Bones and Joints

  2. ankylosis 1. The growing together of bones to form a single unit.2. The stiffening of a joint as the result of such abnormal fusion.

  3. carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is pressure on the median nerve -- the nerve in the wrist that supplies feeling and movement to parts of the hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle damage in the hand and fingers.

  4. contracture • A contracture develops when the normally elastic (stretchy) connective tissues are replaced by inelastic (nonstretchy) fiber-like tissue. This makes it hard to stretch the area and prevents normal movement. • Contractures occur primarily in the skin, underlying tissues, muscle, tendons, and joint areas. The most common causes are scarring and lack of use (due to immobilization or inactivity). • Common Causes: • Inherited disorders (such as muscular dystrophy • Injury (including burns) • Nerve damage

  5. crepitation The sensation felt on placing the hand over the seat of a fracture when the broken ends of the bone are moved, or over tissue in which gas gangrene is present. The noise produced by rubbing bone or irregular cartilage surfaces together, as in arthritis.

  6. Ewing sarcoma Tumor may arise anywhere in the body, usually in the long bones of the arms and legs, the pelvis, or the chest. It may also develop in the skull or the flat bones of the trunk. (Adolescent boys)

  7. gout Gout is a common, painful form of arthritis. It causes swollen, red, hot and stiff joints. Gout occurs when uric acid builds up in your blood. This happens if your body produces extra acid or does not eliminate enough, or if you eat too many foods with purines.

  8. herniated disk The bones (vertebrae) that form the spine in your back are cushioned by small, spongy discs. When these discs are healthy, they act as shock absorbers for the spine and keep the spine flexible. But when a disc is damaged, it may bulge or break open. This is called a herniated disc. It may also be called a slipped or ruptured disc

  9. osteoporosis Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time.

  10. Paget disease Paget's disease is a chronic bone condition characterized by disorder of the normal bone remodeling process. Normal bone has a synchronized relationship of mechanisms that act to lay down new bone and take up old bone.

  11. rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of function in your joints. It can affect any joint but is common in the wrist and fingers. More women than men get rheumatoid arthritis. It often starts between ages 25 and 55. You might have the disease for only a short time, or symptoms might come and go. The severe form can last a lifetime.

  12. sequestrum A sequestrum is a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.

  13. Spinal Disorders

  14. kyphosis Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.

  15. lordosis Your lower back has a natural inward curve. An excessive inward curve is called lordosis. Lordosis is a common cause of lower back pain in strength training & daily activities.

  16. scoliosis Scoliosis is a disorder that causes an abnormal curve of the spine, or backbone. The spine has normal curves when looking from the side, but it should appear straight when looking from the front.

  17. Muscular Disorders

  18. muscular dystrophy Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that weakens the muscles that help the body move. People with MD have incorrect or missing information in their genes, which prevents them from making the proteins they need for healthy muscles. Because MD is genetic, people are born with the problem — it's not contagious and you can't catch it from someone who has it

  19. myasthenia gravis Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by variable weakness of voluntary muscles, which often improves with rest and worsens with activity. The condition is caused by an abnormal immune response

  20. rotator cuff injuries

  21. sprain - ligaments

  22. strain - muscles

  23. talipesequinovarus • Congenital deformity of the foot “club foot”

  24. tendonitis: inflammation of tendon

  25. torticollis • Spasmodic contraction of the neck mucsle “wryneck”

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