Sikhism

1. Sikhism Team Poly Kevin Lam Elena Gomez KwangHee Su Richard M. Chen Justin R. Lamando Tri Duong Alex Valentin

2. Overview - Kevin Lam Guru Nanak(1469-1539)– Founder of Sikhism originated in the northwest region of Punjab 18.7 million Sikhs 2% of the population of India Sikhs all over the world

3. History Early Life - Guru Nanak Dev was born on 15 April, 1469 in the village of RāiBhōidīTalwandī, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore, Pakistan. It was Guru Nanak's intention to combine Hinduism and Islamic elements into a single religion. His own creed would recognize "the unity of God, brotherhood of man, rejection of caste and the futility of idol worship." The Sikh movement also owes its historical origins to the 16th century invasion of the Punbjab by the Mughuls. - Kevin Lam

4. The Principle of Sikhism • Faith in God • Following the truth • The Practice of righteousness and rectitude • Fatherhood of god & universal brotherhood of man • To work in good faith As DUTY IMPOSED BY GOD, ABANDONING FEAR FOR A BAD RESULT, AND GIVING UP HOPE OF REWARD FOR A GOOD RESULT - Elena Gomez

5. Sikhism - Elena Gomez The man of God rejects salvation. He wants only love of God and nothing else. The joys of heaven are nothing as compared to the merging in the Divine Spirit. The ultimate goal of man is union with God. A man may have done many noble deeds, but if he has not undertaken meditation on God, he cannot have any hope of salvation Believe in a holy man, meaning a guru for attainment of salvation. The Sikh must do his duty to his family and to the community. Lead a pure and moral life, full of noble deeds and kind words. A Sikh does not regard fasting, austerities, pilgrimages, alms-giving and penance as important things. No belief in caste system, In God's Court, men shall be judged by their thoughts and deeds, and not by their family economic status.

6. Guru • One who is regarded as having great knowledge, wisdom and authority in a certain area, and who uses it to guide others • Gurus are not seen as “God” • Messengers of God • Each one of the ten Gurus represents a divine attribute - KwangHee Su

7. Guru Nanak Devਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ • “There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim” • Baburbani • Teachings included: - Devotion being open to all castes - Women not to be marginalized from its institutions - Both Godhead and Devotion transcending any religious consideration or divide - God is not separate from any individual. Humility - KwangHee Su

8. Guru Angad Devਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਦੇਵ • Disciple of Guru Nanak Dev • Introduced a new alphabet known as Gurmukhi script • Took great interest in the education of children • Wrote the first biography of Guru Nanak Dev Obedience - KwangHee Su

9. Guru Amar Dasਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ • Discouraged the caste system • Raised the status of women by prohibiting the practice of Sati • Created the prayer ritual called Anand Sahib • Established the city of Goindval on the banks of river Bias in 1552 Equality - KwangHee Su

10. Guru Ram Das ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ • Standard Sikh marriage ceremony • Spread Sikhism in North India • Organized Sikh structure of Sikh society • Stressed importance of kirtan (hymn singing) Service - Richard M. Chen

11. Guru Arjan Dev ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ • Compiled the Guru Granth Sahib • Built the Golden Temple • Started the practice of daswandh • Wrote the Sukhmani Sahib bani • First Guru to be martyred Self-Sacrifice - Richard M. Chen

12. Guru HarGobind ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ • Weapons • Two Swords -Miri (Secular Power) -Piri (Spiritual Power) • Built the Akal Takht • Fought four battles against Muslims Justice - Richard M. Chen

13. Guru HarRai ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ • Continued Guru HarGobind’s military practices • Sent disciples to preach in eastern India, Rajasthan and Delhi. • Worked to preserve the words of the Guru Granth Sahib • Appointed 5 year old son as next Guru Mercy • - Justin R. Lamando

14. Guru Harkrishan ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ • Refused to meet with emperor Aurangzeb • Traveled to Delhi to preach and heal • Named his successor “Baba Bakala” before passing at 8 years old. - Justin R. Lamando Purity

15. Guru TeghBahadur ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦੁਰ • Youngest son of Guru HarGobind • Made missionary journeys • preach honesty and charity • establish community kitchens. • Proclaimed “True King” • Martyred by Emperor Aurangzeb while defending the freedom of Hinduism Tranquility - Justin R. Lamando

16. Guru Gobind Singh ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ • Establish Khalsa • Instructed Sikhs to uphold the five K’s • Authored many texts • DasamGranth Sahib • Jaap Sahib and Chaupai • Autobiography, BichitraNatak • Told Sikhs to follow Granth Sahib as the next Guru Royal Courage - Justin R. Lamando

17. Terms • Japji • a set of holy hymns that appears at the beginning of the Guru Granth Sahib • Khalsa • the name given to baptized Sikhs, served as the Sikh military • Guru Granth Sahib • the Sikh version of the Bible • - Tri Duong

18. The Five K’s • Kesh – Uncut hair • Kanga – Wooden comb • Kara – Iron Bracelet • Kachera – Specially designed cotton underwear • Kirpan – Strapped sword • - Tri Duong

19. Significance of Singh and Kaur • 1699: Sikh men given last name Singh, Sikh women given last name Kaur. ● Why? To end caste system and social stratification and encourage gender equality. - Reduces prejudice based on family name status in caste system. - Kaur provides Sikh women with equal status with men. ● However, just one problem. What is it? - The duplicity of names causing same names. - AlexValentin

20. Langar - AlexValentin Short story on the origin of “langars.” Langar refers to “free kitchen” or “community eating.” Langars take place at a gudwara, or Sikh temple. Sit on the floor, as equals, and eat food.

21. Amrit - AlexValentin Amrit refers to the holy water used in baptismal ceremonies for Sikhs. AmritSanskar is a rite of passage for Sikhs to be initiated into the “khalsa.”

22. The Turban • The turban is a religious requirement for Sikhs. • Covers uncut hair, cannot be removed in public. • Characteristics: colorful, cotton, ~15 ft. • Symbolizes integrity, humility, and spirituality. • Ignorance regarding the turban. - AlexValentin