The Class Project

1. The Class Project The Enlightenment

2. Instructions • Please research your assigned person of the Enlightenment Period • Summarize your findings in this powerpoint, re-save it and email it to me aripley@staff.ednet.ns.ca • You will need an image of the person and summarize your findings to no more than 5 bullets! • You will need to expand your information in the notes section (bottom where it reads: Click to add notes) so that you would be able to expand on your bullets from your condensed research notes (what did their ideas change? What were their important ideas?) • Look at the next slide for an example

3. Your person • Your 5 bullets would go here • Limited text • More notes go into the add notes portion • Be creative! • Choose your font size wisely!

4. Spread of the Enlightenment

5. Effects of the Enlightenment • Implications are revolutionary. Why? • Proposed the belief that men ought to be ruled by laws, not rulers. • The philosophes argued that social progress and political freedom were restrained by the state and the church and did not reflect man’s natural goodness. • Belief in progress and man’s ability to solve problems. • Intellectual justification for U. S., French, and Mexican Revolutions

6. Disbelieving in the existence of gods May be a deliberate choice A person may be taught to be an atheist from a child May be a Weak Atheist or Strong Atheist Atheism is a topic for disagreement and many debates The only difference between an atheist and religious people is their views of God Atheism...

7. John Locke 1632-1704 • He was a British philosopher • He was an academic and medical researcher at Oxford University • He became a government official • He believed that people should think for themselves and not just accept the authority of others. • He explored the limits of human understanding and wrote about knowledge and how do we know what we know.

8. Denis Diderot October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784 French Philosopher & Writer Atheist Disowned by Family Compiled L’Encyclopedia Served time in Prison

9. Voltaire • Was exiled in 1726 • Originally a Frenchman • Educated at “Louis-le-Grand” • He was imprisoned in 1717 for 11 months • He was exiled in again in 1734

10. Voltaire or Francois-Marie Arouet was a well-known writer during the Enlightenment period. Voltaire wrote poems, essays, plays, and novels about freedom of religion and free trade. He strongly believed in the social reform despite the censorship laws and penalties to those who went against it. The social reform was a purifying reform movement created to inspire Christians to remake the Roman Society from the inside of the Catholic Church. Voltaire used his literature to express criticism toward the Catholic Church and the French institutions of his time period. ‘Faith consists in believing when it is beyond the power of reason to believe.` ~Voltaire ‘It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.’ ~Voltaire Voltaire ‘ Faith consists in believing when it is beyond the power of reason to believe. ‘ ~Voltaire “Injustice in the end produces independence.’ ~Voltaire ‘

11. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Born on June 28, 1712 in Geneva Switzerland (IB Land) • Age sixteen ran away from home because he was desperately unhappy. • In 1750 he wrote an award winning essay "Discourse on the Arts and Sciences”. • His most famous book, “The Social Contract”, was the illusion that all men were equal and material possessions did not matter. • He believed in natural thought compared to politically correct thinking.

12. Adam SmithPhilosopher, 1723 - 1790 • Was born in Scotland, the date of birth was unsure, though he was baptized on June 5 1723. • His big claim to fame was the book he wrote titled “The Wealth of Nations”. Written in 1776. • In 1751 Adam smith became professor of Logic at Glasgow University, though the next year he transferred to the chair of moral philosophy. • after a successful 7 years he moved to London in 1776 and published his greatest book. • His book brought economics to the light and included: economic freedom, the role of self-interest, the division of labor and the function of markets. • His book even apparently launched the economic doctrine of free enterprise.

13. What he was supposed to have looked like Frederick The Great Born January 24, 1712 in Berlin King of Prussia from 1740 - 1786 1733, married Elisabeth Christine Military Strength Radical Leader Enjoyed the Arts and Sciences Encouraged Religious Freedom Improved the Government Doubled Prussia’s population

14. Maria Theresa (1717 - 1780) • Maria Theresa was the archduchess of Austria from 1740 – 1780 • She was eager to promote the prosperity of her people • She was responsible for improvements in trade, education, reduction of tax burdens on the poor and more religious toleration • Her reforms were limited for fear of arousing opposition • Her son Joseph the II followed her reign and introduced even more change - the Habsburg Reforms By Adam Mertens And Nik Kielburger

15. Baron de Montesquieu Born Charles-Louis de Secondant in France, 1689 He had a classical education Became a controversial and influential writer, a social commentator and political thinker His writing covered scientific topics, history and politics Died in 1755

16. Catherine the Great • April 21, 1729- November 17, 1796 • Empress of Russia (June 28, 1762 - November 17, 1796) • Originally Enlightenment Promoter • Charter to Nobility • Surfs revolted

17. Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) • Discovered oxygen • First to observe photosynthesis 1772 • Became a minister 1780-1791 • Published a book titled The History and Present State of Electricity • Very big in preaching and writing religion

18. Joseph Priestley 1733-1801 • Priestley was an important part of the enlightenment period. He was a chemist and discovered oxygen which what he is well known for.