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What is Psychology? The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.

What is Psychology? The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Sub-Fields Basic Research Experimental Psychologist Applied Psychology Industrial/Organizational Psychologist Sports Psychologist Engineering Psychologist School Psychologist Rehabilitation Psychologist

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What is Psychology? The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.

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  1. What is Psychology?The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Sub-Fields Basic Research Experimental Psychologist Applied Psychology Industrial/Organizational Psychologist Sports Psychologist Engineering Psychologist School Psychologist Rehabilitation Psychologist Clinical Psychologist Psychiatry

  2. Historical Roots of Psychology Greek Philosophers: Socrates, Aristotle and Plato all had ideas about states of consciousness…… Aristotle had theories about perception, sensation, cognition, memory and problem solving. Asian Philosophy: Yoga and Buddha also had ideas about Consciousness and meditation.

  3. Rene Descartes… I am from France….. I am very smart!! • Deviated from the Greek Philosophers and asserted that human sensations and behavior is based on activity in the nervous system.

  4. From Philosophy to Science… • Psychology broke away from philosophy and became its own study with the help of the Scientific Method and Laboratory testing.

  5. Wilhelm Wundt… • Wundt established the first formal lab devoted to experimental psychology. • His quest for elements of consciousness became known as Structuralism. I am from Germany… I am the father of Modern Psychology

  6. Structuralism… • Focused on revealing the most basic structures of the mind. • Ie…the periodic table • Tested for Elements of Consciousness • Sensation and Perception • Memory • Attention • Emotion • Cognition • Learning • Language • Used Introspection to receive info from volunteers. • Is introspection too Subjective?

  7. Introspection… • The process of reporting one’s own conscious mental experiences… • Freud mastered this technique although many critics have said it is too Subjective.

  8. William James… I am the 1st American Psychologist. • Disagreed with Structuralism and created a new branch of Psychology called Functionalism. • Relied heavily on Darwin for root of his theory.

  9. Functionalism… • Psychology should include the function of Consciousness, not just the structure. • Emphasis on organisms adapting to their environment outside of the laboratory.

  10. Current Perspectives of Psychology

  11. 7 Perspective Chart…

  12. Psychoanalytic Perspective • Freud was the pioneer of this field. • Used Psychoanalysis with patients • Disorders arise from conflicts in the unconscious mind. • Introspection helps patients come to terms with unconscious issues.

  13. Cognitive Perspective • Our thoughts and actions arise from the way we interpret our experiences. • Actions are influenced by the way we process information coming in from the environment. • Study of cognitions: • Thoughts, expectations, perceptions, memories and states of consciousness. • Interested in the link between the mind, brain and behavior.

  14. Behavioral Perspective • Looks for the causes of behavior in the environment rather than in our minds. • Calls attention to the ways rewards and punishments shape our actions. • Emerged as a revolution against subjective methods used by Structuralists and Functionalists. • Focuses only on what can be observed directly and how this affects learning. • Watson started the behavioral perspective • Skinner, Pavlov and Bandura followed.

  15. Humanistic Perspective • Our actions are influenced by our self-concept and by our need for personal growth and fulfillment. • Emphasizes the positive side of human nature. • Human ability, growth and potential. • Model of human nature emphasizes the free will people have to affect their lives. • Greater interest in feelings and self-concept. • Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

  16. Biological Perspective • Emphasizes how the brain and physical makeup influence our personality, behavior patterns and abilities. • Relies on Heredity, the Nervous System and the Endocrine System for causes of behavior. • Often called Neuroscience • Study localization of the brain (Structures and Functions)

  17. Socio-Cultural Perspective • Emphasizes the importance of social interaction, social learning, and cultural perspective. • Probes into: • Loving, prejudice, aggression, obedience and conformity. • Studies the “laws” of culture

  18. Evolutionary Perspective • Examines behavior through natural selection. • Looks at behavior as adaptive and hereditary. • Uses Darwin’s evolutionary theory. • Traces the development of human behavior patterns as well as genetic patterns over time.

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