LCLS Commissioning

1. LCLS Commissioning P. Emma, for the LCLS Commissioning Team LCLS DOE Review May 14, 2009

2. Commissioning Status of LCLS Laser, gun, & injector commissioned: 2007 Linac & bunch compressors commissioned: 2008 First beam through undulator beamline: Dec. 2008 21 undulator magnets installed & ready: April 7, 2009 First lasing at 1.5 Å: April 10, 2009 (first try!) 1.5 Å FEL saturation observed: April 14, 2009 (after BBA) X-ray diagnostics hall is not ready until early June Temporary (makeshift) x-ray diagnostics used up to now User operations start in Sep. 2009

3. 84 meters of FEL Undulator Installed 25 undulators installed… 8 more to go

4. Undulator Gain Length Measurement at 1.5 Å gex,y = 0.4 mm (slice) Ipk = 3.0 kA sE/E = 0.01% (slice) Recent Results! (25 of 33 undulators installed) LG 3.3 m

5. Injector Transverse Projected Emittance <0.5 mm gex 0.43 mm 135 MeV 0.25 nC 35 A gey 0.46 mm Time-sliced emittance: 0.3-0.4 m Exceptional beam quality from S-band Cu-cath. RF gun…

6. Pixel sum of x-ray YAG screen CCD camera vs undulator K-taper Undulator ‘Taper Scan’ Shows 1.1 mJ of X-rays 4.6 MeV at 0.25 nC = 1.1 mJ or 0.8×1012photons/pulse (15 GW at 75-fs FWHM pulse length) 4.6 MeV 1.5 Å FEL Energy (YAG) FEL-induced Energy Loss (BPMs) Dumpline BPMs Dog-Leg BPMs  ~100 meters 

7. YAGS2 RF deflector ON energy time Laser OFF σE/E< 12 keV YAGS2 Laser: 40 µJ σE/E 45 keV YAGS2 Laser: 230 µJ σE/E 120 keV Laser Heater Working Well adds Landau damping

8. Beam Finder Wire (BFW) sand-filled, thermally isolated supports Cavity BPM (<0.5 m) 3.4-m undulator magnet Quadrupole magnet beam direction X-translation (in/out) Wire Position Monitor CAM-based 5-DOF motion control Hydraulic Level System Undulator Girder with Motion Control + IN/OUT

9. Beam-Based Undulator Alignment • Measure undulator trajectory at 4 energies (4.3, 7.0, 9.2, & 13.6 GeV) • Scale all linac & upstream transport line magnets each time • Do not change anything in the undulator • Calculate… (Matlab GUI) • Move quads and adjust BPM offsets for dispersion free trajectory • Iterate… H. Loos RESULT: vary energy by factor of 3  trajectory changes by <10 mm

10. ±4 mm 0.7 mm backlash <1 mm Undulator Quadrupole Position Control 3-parameter fit to 20 BPMs along undulator (y0, y0, and Dy) Dy = 30 nrad kick due to quad (y0, y0) Thanks ANL!

11. wire IN sx 40.4 µm e- wire OUT beam signal (arb. units) nominal chamber wire target beam direction pumpout x (mm) Beam Finder Wire – Aligns ‘Loose’ End of Undulator BFW Also used to measure emittance in undulator

12. Commissioning Time-Line First FEL Light • Commissioning • Project Milestones • Installation Periods Install Undulators Project complete First Light in FEH First e- to dump First e- from gun PEP-II ends X-Rays in NEH FEE/NEH Install First Light in FEE DOE Review LTU/Und Sys Install First Users Injector Install BC2 Install J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J J F M A M J J A S O N D D A D M 2007 2008 2009 2010 Down Down Down Down NEH FEH Linac Injector LTU/Und FEL/FEE Linac/BC2

13. Done

14. Questions • What are the available high level control programs for setting up, optimizing, and monitoring machine performance? To what level has their performance been validated? (Loos) • What is the plan for detailed study and understanding of FEL performance and its sensitivity to the beam brightness, matching, energy and phase errors, LSC, CSR, etc.? (Huang) • Is the hardware and software sufficiently reliable and usable to effectively serve the next stage of commissioning? If not, how will this be resolved? (Frisch) • What is the plan for transitioning from operation by physicists and other specialists to operation by operators? (Schultz) • Describe the configuration control in place or planned for hardware, software, and settings. Do these provide reasonable assurance that operational conditions can be reproduced? (Iverson) • How quickly can the machine be brought up to an operational configuration after being tripped or shut down for minor repairs? Is this adequate? If not, how will this be addressed? (Frisch) • What aspects of CD-4 performance measures have yet to be achieved and what's the plan for achieving them? (PE) • What progress has been made on recommendations from other recent reviews (e.g., the last Lehman review)? (PE)

15. Borland/Neil Question #4 4. What is the plan for transitioning from operations by physicists and other specialists, to operations by operators? In the fall early science using the AMO instrument will begin. The schedule calls for machine maintenance one shift per week, machine studies 5 shifts per week and operation of a user program for the other 15 shifts. The accelerator physics staff will be limited to the accelerator studies they can do in those 5 shifts and are developing a system for controlling those studies. Accelerator operators are currently assisting the commissioning team and so are already adept at maintaining machine operation. In the LCLS Accelerator Systems Division area physicists, area managers, and safety oversight staff who will be responsible for LCLS operation have been named. Full documentation and training for linac and LCLS operations have been generated and is in use. Configuration control of the LCLS accelerator and safety systems is in force at present and will continue.