Chapter I

1. Chapter I Getting down to business

2. Using Present continous to ask about current projects • Yes / No Questions • am I eating chocolate ? • are you studying now ? • is he working ? • is she doing her homework ? • is it raining ? • are we meeting at six ? • are they coming ?

3. Using present future to ask about plans and predictions • For 'wh' questions, just put the question word at the front: • Wh Questions • Why am I eating chocolate ? • What are you studying now ? • When is he working ? • What is she doing ? • Why is it raining ? • Who are we meeting ? • How are they travelling ?

4. Using Past tense to ask about recent events • Have or Has + Subject + past participle • Singular • Have I seen... • Have you seen... • Has he seen... • Has she seen... • Has it seen...

5. Plural • Have we seen... • Have you seen... • Have they seen...

6. 'yes / no' questions: • Will I go? • Will you come early? • Will it be cold? • Will she dance? • Will he arrive soon? • Will we cook? • Will they leave?

7. 'wh' questions: • Where will I go? • Why will you come early? • When will it be cold? • Who will she dance with? • What time will he arrive? • What will we cook? • When will they leave?

8. Using past tense to ask about recent evevts • 1) Questions without question words in the Simple Past • Using Auxilarry • Did Max play football • Did you watch the film yesterday • Using tobe • Were you in Leipzig last week?

9. 2) Questions with question words in the Simple Past • Using auxillary • What did you do yesterday evening? • When did she meet her boyfriend? • Where did they go after the match? • Using tobe • Where were you yesterday

10. Chapter 2; Getting involved in meetings Stating an opinion • The way I see it... • If you want my honest opinion.... • According to Lisa... • As far as I'm concerned... • If you ask me... • In my opinion ...

11. Asking for an opinon • What's your idea? • What are your thoughts on all of this? • How do you feel about that? • Do you have anything to say about this? • What do you think? • Do you agree? • Wouldn't you say?

12. Interruptions • Can I add something here? • Is it okay if I jump in for a second? • If I might add something... • Can I throw my two cents in? • Sorry to interrupt, but... • (after accidentally interrupting someone) Sorry, go ahead. OR Sorry, you were saying... • (after being interrupted) You didn't let me finish.

13. Settling an argument • Let's just move on, shall we? • Let's drop it. • I think we're going to have to agree to disagree. • (sarcastic) Whatever you say./If you say so.

14. Chapter 4; Brainstorming and Evaluating • Useful for making suggestions

15. Useful phrases for evaluating ideas • I don’t think it would work. • That’s a brilliant idea • It might just work • Absolutely • Maybe. I’m not sure • No, I don’t think so • I’m not keen at all • I’m not really convinced

16. I think it needs a lot more thought j. That’s not a bad idea k. Yes, I think you’re right l. Are you sure? m. I’m really not happy about it. n. Well, I agree up to a point o. Well, yes and no p. This idea has potential, but it’s not quite there yet. q. I think this is just what we need

17. Chapter 5; Action points • Using modal verb for delegating and asking for volunteers: • Can I ... that job for you ? • Would anyone like to? • Can you ....Sabina out on that? • Would you like to be more ...? • Well, I think Rachel .... Be the best person for that

18. Chapter 8; Questioning and Clarifying • Types of questions • Open Questions: these are framed to encourage an expansive response • Example Advantages Disadvantages • how…., who…, what…,when…, where…,describe…, explain…, inwhat way…,could you tell usabout…., • how did you apply yourtraining to your work? • Closed Questions: these are framed to elicit yes/no answers • do…, did…, can…, is…, • are…, have…, will…, • would… • how long did you workthere?

19. Probing Questions: this type of question helps to get under the surface of aninitial answer. Having got the interviewee talking, the interviewer can useprobing questions to bring out more detail. While the same questions areasked of interviewees, the use of probing questions will vary according to theinterviewee’s response. • Example • how, who, what, when,why, where, describe,explain, in what way

20. Hypothetical Questions: these are questions that set up a possiblesituation or problem and ask the interviewee for a possible course of action • Example • “suppose we wentahead with this planof action and it failed.How would youhandle the situation?”

21. Leading Questions: this type of question suggests the expected answer • Example • “Surely you didn’t agreewith that?” • “Of course, you wouldwant to investigatefurther wouldn’t you?”

22. Multiple Questions: these questions have two or more distinct parts,each requiring an answer • Example • “What do you think ofthis issue? Do youagree with it, and if not,why, and what otherissues would you see asbeing relevant to thisspecific case?”

23. Chapter 9; Bargaining • First, Second, & Third Conditional • Conditional Clause and Main Clause • If I have enough money,conditional clause     • I will go to Japan.    main clause • I will go to Japan,main clause     • if I have enough money    conditional clause

24. First, Second, and Third Conditional • 1. First conditional: • If I have enough money, I will go to Japan. • 2. Second conditional: • If I had enough money, I would go to Japan. • 3. Third conditional: • If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

25. Conditional clause • Main clause • 1. If + Present Tense • will + inf / present tense / imperative • If you help me with the dishes (if + pres), I will help you with your homework. (will + inf) • If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three, the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense) • If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).

26. 2. If + Past Tense • would + inf • 3. If + Past Perfect Tense • would have + past participle • We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, only in the main clause.

27. Uses of the Conditional • First conditional • Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible. • Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

28. Second conditional • Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations. • Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.If I were you, I would tell my father.Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)

29. Third conditional • Nature: unreal • Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have). • Remember! • 1. The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if-clauses. EXCEPTION: If will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-clauses. • e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.(= ± please, come this way; please, give me...) • 2. For the second conditional, were replaces was: • If I were a rich man...

30. 3. After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...). • If I have some spare time next weekend....or : If I have any spare time... • 4. Instead of if not, we can use unless. • e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low. • 5.There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past: • If + Past Perfect - would + inf.If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].

31. Chapter 10; Clinching to deal • Expressions of agreement • I agree with you 100 percent. • I couldn't agree with you more. • That's so true. • That's for sure. • (slang) Tell me about it! • You're absolutely right. • Absolutely. • That's exactly how I feel. • Exactly. • I'm afraid I agree with James. • I have to side with Dad on this one. • No doubt about it. • (agree with negative statement) Me neither. • (weak) I suppose so./I guess so.

32. Expressions of disagreement • I don't think so. • (strong) No way. • I'm afraid I disagree. • (strong) I totally disagree. • I beg to differ. • (strong) I'd say the exact opposite. • Not necessarily. • That's not always true. • That's not always the case. • No, I'm not so sure about that.

33. Chapter 11; Breaking the Ice Useful language: Ice breakers Excuse me. Do you...? Hello. My name is XXXX. Is it ....? Are you here alone? I just came out for some fresh air ... Sorry ... Do you... Are you from ... What do you do ... Is this your first ...

34. Chapter 12; Keeping conversations going • Types of questions (more types of questions) • Negative questions • These questions are useful when you want to express your opinion in a way thet shows that you want to involve other person • E.q. Hasn’t the weather been awful this summer? • Didn’t you use to work in China?

35. Question taq • These questions are used to check something we are not sure. • E.g. • Your wife is a doctor. Isn’t she? • It’s been a great party. Hasn’t it?

36. Chapter 13; Social Networking • Phrases for social networking • Thanks for the follow • Thanks for the mention • Thanks for the RT • Great post! • Great link!