Human A&P

1. Human A&P Unit 3 – Integumentary System

2. Integumentary System Hair, nails, sweat & oils I. ___________________________- skin & structures derived from it, including: _____________________________________ A. Four main physiological features of the integumentary system 1. _____________ the body from the environment. 2. ________________________ via sweating PROTECTS Regulates BODY TEMP

3. Makes VITAMIN D 3. ________________________ (helps body absorb calcium). 4. ____________________ such as pressure, temperature & pain. Detects SENSATIONS

4. B. Anatomy of Skin & Subcutaneous Layer 1. Features of the skin: a. also called the ________________ ________________ b. largest ___________ of the body (22 square feet, about ____ lbs, 16% of ______________) cutaneous membrane organ 10 Body weight

5. 2. Major Parts of the Skin & subcutaneous layer _______________- superficial, thinner portion made of 4-5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium Epidermis

6. Dermis ___________ - deeper, thicker, connective tissue

7. Cutaneous membrane = dermis + SKIN epidermis - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -

8. ________________________- below the dermis; ____ a part of the skin; contains: ___________tissue (to connect to skin), ____________ (fat for insulation) & large _______________ to supply the skin. Subcutaneous Layer NOT aerolar Adipose tissue Blood vessels

9. Four _________________ - (keroTINosite) produces keratin (tough __________ that protects from heat, _________ and chemicals. keratinocyte C. Details of the Epidermis 1. __________ major types of cells protein microbes

10. _________________ - involved with __________ responses to fight microbes on the skin Langerhans cells immune

11. _________________ - attached to a ___________ nerve cell at a flat spot called a tactile disc that helps detect __________. Merkel Cell sensory touch Tactile disc of a sensory neuron

12. Melanocytes _________________ - produce melanin (black-brown pigment that absorbs _______ light) UV

13. stratum Stratum Corneum _________________ - (“horn layer”) – 25-30 layers of ___________ keratinocytes which are _________ continuously. 2. Layers or _____________ of the epidermis dead shed

14. Stratum Lucidum _________________ - (“clear layer”) – 3-5 layers of flattened _________, clear keratinocytes. ONLY found in the thick skin of:__________________ ____________________ dead Fingertips, palms & soles of feet

15. ___________________- (“little grains layer”) – 3-5 layers of keratinocytes that are in the process of ___________ (dying). These cells contain granules which release __________, lipid secretions to prevent ___________ loss and entry of ____________ materials. Stratum Granulosum apoptosis waterproof water foreign

16. Stratum Spinosum ___________________- (“thornlike layer”) – 8-10 layers of keratinocytes that create extensions into the dermis layer. Also the site of ______________ cells. Langerhans

17. ___________________- (“base layer”) – ______ layer of cuboidal or ___________ keratinocytes. Some of these are ____________ that will make new keratinocytes in the skin. (New skin will NOT form if this is damaged and a ___________ is required. Also contains _____________ & _____________. Stratum Basale single columnar Stem cells Skin graft melanocytes Merkel cells

18. Nails keratinocytes 3. ________________ are modified, tightly packed, hard ____________ of the epidermis.

19. free edge _______________- the white that extends past the finger a. Anatomy of a nail (dorsal view)

20. a. Anatomy of a nail (dorsal view) nail body _______________- the part that is visible

21. a. Anatomy of a nail (dorsal view) lunula _______________- white part of the nail near the root.

22. a. Anatomy of a nail (dorsal view) cuticle _______________- protects the nail matrix.

23. a. Anatomy of a nail (dorsal view) Nail Root _______________- not visible on normal nail. It is the true end of the nail.

24. Nail Root nail body cuticle lunula b. Anatomy of a nail (sagittal section) free edge epidermis dermis finger bone _______________- surrounds the root and produces the new nail cells. nail matrix

25. Superficial Part D. Details of the Dermis 1. Two parts of the dermis: a. _________________- areolar tissue with fine elastic fibers.

26. i. anatomy of the superficial part of the dermis: epidermis dermis subcutaneous layer

27. _______________- (“nipples”) bumps that increase the surface area of the dermis. Contain either ___________ ________________________________ Dermal Papillae capillaries tactile receptors or free nerve endings

28. _______________ or ______________ _______________- detects light touch. Corpuscle of Touch Meissner Corpuscle

29. Free nerve ending _______________ - detects temperature, pain, tickle and itch.

30. Hair Shaft _______________ - (NOT part of dermis or epidermis……) thread of fused, __________ keratinized cells. dead

31. Deeper Part dense irregular connective tissue b. _______________________- attached to the subcutaneous layer. Contains _____________ _____________________ with bundles of collagen and elastic fibers.

32. i. anatomy of deep part of the dermis: Sebaceous Gland _______________ - oil gland

33. hair root _______________ - extends into the dermis & sometimes the subcutaneous layer

34. hair follicle _______________ - bulb that produces new hair cells

35. Lamellated Corpuscle __________________ or ________________ sense deeper touch like:_______________ __________________ Pacinian Corpuscle a squeeze or a push

36. Adipose Cells (Fat) _________________________

37. ________________________-sweat gland. The ears contain ________________ glands that produce ear wax. SuDORiferous gland CERUMinous

38. _______________-muscle that connects to dermis at one side of the hair follicle. When it ___________, the hair straightens & creates __________ ______________. Arrector Pilli contracts goose bumps

39. epidermis E. The process of new skin production 1. All new skin is produced in the ______________________ layer. 2. The process: a. _________________ in the stratum basale produce new keratinocytes. b. the new keratinocytes are pushed _______________ through the layers of the epidermis. STEM CELLS upward

40. keratin c. The cells accumulate more and more _________________ as they move up (a process called keratinization). d. Finally, the cells ____________ and are sloughed off. e. The whole process takes _________________. die 4 weeks total!

41. oldest cells (already dead & have been around for 4 weeks) newest cells (but in 4 weeks, they will be dead & on the top layer)

42. melanin F. Skin & Hair Color 1. Skin color: a. due to the amount of ____________ being produced by the melanocytes of stratum __________ in the _________________. b. the melanin is passed through ____________ of the melanocytes to the keratinocytes. basale epidermis projections

43. Darker NOT melanocytes c. _______________ skin makes more melanin but does _________ have skin with more _______________. (We all have the same number of melanocytes).

45. melanin 2. Hair Color: a. Due to _________________ made by melanocytes in the ____________ of the hair follicle. b. Different hair colors: i. _________________- has melanin only. ii. __________________- has melanin with ___________ & ___________. bulb Brown or Black hair Blond & Red hair iron sulfur

46. Gray Hair iii. ______________- due to the reduction of melanin.

48. Dermatology G. Skin Conditions & Ailments 1. _________________- branch of medicine that diagnosis and treats skin diseases & conditions. 2. Coloring of the skin that are __________ of an underlying problem or condition: i. ______________- ____________ skin, nail beds and mucous membranes due to lack of ______________. signs blueish Cyanosis oxygen

49. FIND PICK OF CYANOSIS SKIN