Water Pollution and Water-Borne Illnesses: Causes and Solutions

1. Bell Ringers • Most freshwater in the US goes towards producing ___________. • Most water used for ___________ is wasted due to evaporation. • One way that I can conserve water in my home is: electricity irrigation

2. Water Pollution

3. Water Pollution • Water pollution - any change in water quality that harms living organisms or makes water unusable • Major water pollutants: bacteria and viruses, waste (animal and human), plant nutrients from fertilizers, chemicals, sediment, and heat

4. Water Pollution • Point sources – generate pollution from a single point of origin • Examples: sewage treatment plants, industrial sites, illegal dumping, accidental spills

5. Water Pollution • Nonpoint sources – generate pollution from a widespread area; cannot point to the source • Examples: rainwater that washes over fields (picking up pesticides) or parking lots (oil and gasoline)

6. Label the point source (P) and nonpoint source (N) pollution.

7. Identify the scenarios as point(P) or nonpoint(NP) source pollution • BP oil spill (2010) • Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico had a pipe that leaked 3.19 million barrels of oil before exploding and sinking.

8. Identify the scenarios as point(P) or nonpoint(NP) source pollution • Coal ash spill (2015) • Duke Energy coal ash pond spilled 66,000 tons of coal ash into the Dan River, which contaminated 27million gallons of water

9. Identify the scenarios as point(P) or nonpoint(NP) source pollution • Wake Forest aquifers contaminated with TCE (2012) • Residents in Wake Forest began complaining of water smelling funny; an investigation found high levels of TCE (trichloroethylene), which is used as carpet cleaner and can cause cancer and damage the nervous system

10. Pollution Sources • The major source of water pollution is agriculture • Many farms use chemicals such as __________ and ________, and livestock produce _______ • All of this can wash into nearby bodies of water or seep into aquifers pesticides fertilizers waste

11. Pollution Sources • Groundwater comes from surface water seeping through the ground • The problem is that permeable layers also allow pollutants to seep through the ground, which can pollute the aquifer • Groundwater pollution is both difficult to notice (since you can’t see the aquifer) and difficult to clean (since it’s not accessible)

13. Groundwater Pollution • Radon – a radioactive gas naturally present in some rocks, like granite and shale • Second-leading cause of lung cancer in the US • Water seeps through soils with these rocks and picks up the radon

14. Groundwater Pollution • Arsenic – toxic element found naturally at the bottom of lots of aquifers • Causes skin lesions, especially on feet • Wells that are drilled too deep can pump this contaminated water to the surface

15. Water Borne Illnesses • Water Borne Illnesses – diseases that are caused from contaminated water • Can be caused through drinking, bathing, swimming, etc.

16. Common Water Borne Illnesses • Cholera: disease caused by bacteria that lead to diarrhea and dehydration • Can cause death within a few hours

17. Common Water Borne Illnesses • Hepatitis A: virus that comes from consuming water contaminated with feces • Causes inflamed liver, muscle pain, and loss of appetite

18. Common Water Borne Illnesses • Typhoid: Bacterial infection that causes skin rashes, fever, and constipation or diarrhea

19. Common Water Borne Illnesses • Both cholera and typhoid are caused by _________. Hepatitis A is a ______. • Cholera – ____________ by diarrhea • Hepatitis A – _____ inflammation • Typhoid – skin _______ and fever virus bacteria dehydration liver rashes

20. Water Pollution • http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/rio-2016-water-pollution-virus-risk-danger-swimming-sailing-rowing-chance-of-infection-almost-a7165866.html • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCHhwxvQqxg

21. Water Borne Illnesses • Water borne illnesses are the leading cause of disease and death in the world • World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 3.4 million people do not recover from water borne illnesses • Places most impacted: • Honduras • Haiti • Ethiopia • India • Philippines

22. Water Borne Illnesses • Honduras • 42% of people do not have access to clean water • Women and children walk up to 4 miles a day to reach freshwater • Most babies die from waterborne illnesses before their first birthday

23. Water Borne Illnesses • Haiti • 70% of the population does not have access to clean water • More than 50% of the deaths in Haiti are due to water borne illnesses • Does not currently have a sewage sanitation system

24. Water Borne Illnesses • Ethiopia • One of the poorest countries in the world • Most children quit attending school to help their families collect water • 250,000 children die every year from water borne illnesses • Over 80% of the population doesn’t have access to clean water

25. Water Borne Illnesses • India • Over 128 million people do not have access to clean water • Government only allows water access for a few hours a day • People bathe, drink, and do laundry all from the same water • Diarrhea alone causes 1600 deaths per day

26. Water Borne Illnesses • Philippines • 66% of river systems are considered polluted • 13 million people do not have access to clean water • Pollution is caused by dumping from houses, factories, and animals • Dead zones cause fishermen to lose livelihood

27. Vocab Dominoes • Complete the dominoes with your tablemate WITHOUT USING YOUR VOCAB SHEET

29. Rio Olympics • http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2015/12/02/rio-olympics-water-quality-pollution-christine-brennan-commentary/76682864/

30. TCE • http://www.wncn.com/story/22013819/wake-forest-residents-drink-contaminated-water-for-years • 3:05 • http://www.wral.com/news/local/video/14255277/

31. Coal Ash and the Dan River • 60 Minutes interview (aired Dec 7, 2014): http://www.wral.com/news/local/video/14255277/#/vid14255277 • Follow along during video. Your Journal assignment will directly relate to the video.