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Intro to Psych/ History

Intro to Psych/ History. Prologue. The Greeks (400-300BC). Socrates & Plato Socrates was Plato’s teacher Dualist – mind and body are separate Knowledge is innate Aristotle Monist – mind and body are one Knowledge grows from experience. Other Philosophers (1500-1700AD). Rene Descartes

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Intro to Psych/ History

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  1. Intro to Psych/History Prologue

  2. The Greeks (400-300BC) • Socrates & Plato • Socrates was Plato’s teacher • Dualist – mind and body are separate • Knowledge is innate • Aristotle • Monist – mind and body are one • Knowledge grows from experience

  3. Other Philosophers (1500-1700AD) • Rene Descartes • Dualist • Ex - depression • Spent time researching how body and mind work together • I think, therefore I am... • Francis Bacon • Emphasis on experiments and using common sense • Failings of the human mind – remember things that confirm our beliefs • John Locke • Mind is a “tabula rasa” at birth • Empiricism – knowledge is based on observation and experiments

  4. Early Psychologists(late 1800s) • Wilhelm Wundt • Father of Psychology • Structuralism – what the mind and consciousness are (with student Edward Titchener) • Introspection – self-observation/recording of thoughts • William James • Father of American Psychology • Functionalism – how the mind and consciousness work • Looked for the practical applications to life

  5. Early 20th Century psychology • Psychoanalytic – Freud • Based on the unconscious • Behaviorist – Watson, Skinner, Pavlov • Based on observable behavior • Humanistic – 3rd force psychology Based on growth as a person; having needs met • Gestalt - Wertheimer • Based on the whole instead of its parts

  6. Modern Approaches • Biopsychosocial Approach • Combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural levels of analysis • Levels of analysis – different views working together to explain a behavior Biological Sociocultural Psychological Behavior

  7. Contemporary Approaches • Biological • Evolutionary • Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic) • Behavioral • Cognitive • Humanistic • Social-cultural (Sociocultural)

  8. Nature/Nurture debate • Nature – inherited traits shape behavior • Nurture – environmental factors shape behavior

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