Road Safety in Africa Presentation by: David Ward Director General of the FIA Foundation

1. Road Safety in Africa Presentation by: David Ward Director General of the FIA Foundation David Njoroge Member of the Commission for Global Road Safety, Chief Executive AA of Kenya ‘Financing Transport Growth for Africa’ Infrastructure Consortium for Africa, Tunis, 3rd & 4th December 2007

2. Reversing the Rise of Road Traffic Injuries 1.2 million people are killed and 50 million injured in road crashes worldwide. Road crashes are number one killer of young people aged between 10 and 25. Low and middle income countries account for more than 80% of global deaths from road crashes. Most at risk our vulnerable road users Most of these crashes are predictable and preventable.

3. Regional Forecast for Growth in Road Traffic Fatalities

4. Global Road Safety & the Millennium Development Goals Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger Achieve Universal Primary Education Promote Gender Equality & Empower Women Reduce Child Mortality Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Diseases Ensure Environmental Sustainablity Develop A Global Partnership for Development The transport sector is a ‘missing link’ in achieving the MDGs And road safety is a ‘cross cutting’ issue that has been overlooked as an issue of sustainable development.

5. Twelve leading causes of mortality, 2002 Eliminating TB and Malaria are recognised as key objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and receive $billions in donor support. In contrast road safety does not feature in the MDGs and is not counted in measures of Official Development Assistance.

6. World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention • 2004 landmark report on road traffic injury by • the World Health Organisation & World Bank • First ever global assessment of road traffic • injuries (RTIs) as a growing but preventable • public health crisis especially for low and • middle income countries; • Calls for greater international effort to reverse trend of rising RTIs; • Identifies key injury risk factors (non use of seat belts, helmets, • excessive speed, drink driving, and poor road infrastructure); • Recommends national prevention strategies based on a ‘lead agency’ • responsible for developing a multi-sectoral ‘safe systems’ approach;

7. Road Road User Vehicle • The ‘Safety Systems’ Approach • Three components in a dynamic • system: • The road user • The motor vehicle • The road infrastructure • Rather than ‘blaming the victim’ for causing crashes, the risk of human error • is anticipated and ‘tolerated’ by a ‘forgiving’ system that has been designed to • ensure that the consequences of human error are non fatal as far as possible. • The design challenge is to manage loss of control of kinetic energy within • tolerances survivable by the human body.

8. United Nations General Assembly • Resolution 58/289 14th April 2004 • Resolution 60/5 26th October 2005 • Provide a strong mandate for action on global • road safety; • Creates the UN Road Safety Collaboration; • Endorses the recommendations of the World Report on Road Traffic • Injury Prevention; • Calls for more financial commitment to road safety action programmes; • Mandates first ever UN global road safety week (23-29 April 2007) • Will debate the issue again in March 2008 (62nd GA Session)

9. The World Bank Global Road Safety Facility • In November 2005 the World Bank announced the creation of the Global • Road Safety Facility – the first ever worldwide funding mechanism for • road traffic injury prevention; • The Facility aims to increase funding and technical assistance to enable • low and middle income countries to develop their own road safety action • plans, and to implement the recommendations of the World Report; • The Global Facility receives an initial donation of $5 million over five years • from the World Bank, $5 million from the FIA Foundation and further • support from the Australian, Dutch and Swedish Governments.

10. About the Commission: • An independent high level commission • chaired by Lord Robertson (former NATO • Secretary General) with members from each • of the G8 countries and all major world • regions; • Supported by an expert advisory group including representatives from • the WHO, World Bank, OECD, UNECE and NGOs • Key Objectives: • To encourage implementation of the recommendations of the World Report on Road Traffic injury Prevention • Propose an Action Plan for Global Road Safety

11. Make Roads Safe Report Key Recommendations: • A $300 million, 10 year Action Plan to promote multi-sector national road safety capacity building in low and middle income countries should be funded by donor governments and private sources; • At a minimum 10% of all road infrastructure projects should be committed to road safety; • A Ministerial Conference on Global Road Safety should be held in 2009 under auspices of UN;

12. Investment in Safe Road Infrastructure Today, more than 1 billion people in the world have no access to roads. The UN Millennium Project led by Professor Jeffrey Sachs has suggested a minimum “MDG compatible” target for rural areas access to an all weather road should be just two kilometres. But new road investment will also increase exposure to the risk of road traffic deaths and injuries unless a coherent action plan for road safety and improved road design is also put in place. Next July the World Bank, the EBRD and the FIA Foundation will hold a high level meeting in London on investment in safer road infrastructure.

13. Safer Roads are a Key Priority In Europe and Australia casualty reduction ratio are as follows: 2 safer roads:1 safer vehicles:1 safer behaviour The Make Road Safe Report’s 10% recommendation is based on World Bank internal guidelines (from 1979) suggesting that road safety engineering and assessment should amount to 10 per cent of total road project costs. Today the World Bank and the Regional Development Banks invest over $4 billion per annum in road projects. According to the 10% rule at least $400m of this should be dedicated to road safety. A target for the road safety input of infrastructure projects must also be supported by more systematic rating and assessment of the safety performance of the road network.

14. Road Infrastructure – Comparing Risk Relative fatality risk/km/year1 10 200

15. A UN Ministerial Conference on Global Road Safety - Proposed Agenda Review the implementation of the World Report and the road safety activities of the UN Regional Commission’s, WHO, World Bank etc. Agree on common definitions for key road safety related data, identify best practice on key risk factors, and support the concept of ‘forgiving roads’ etc. Review regional road safety targets and encourage adoption of national road safety strategies and action plans. The UN Secretary General has confirmed his support for the proposed UN Ministerial Conference and the Russian Federation has offered to host it in Moscow in 2009 pending approval of UN General Assembly in March.

16. A global campaign for safer roads • Supports the key recommendations of • the Commission for Global Road Safety • Global petition to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon – with a target of 1.2 million signatures in time for the UN General Assembly debate in March 2008. Petition now has 500,000 signatures. • To sign on line go to: www.makeroadsafe.org

17. Support for the campaign is growing. It has been welcomed by former UK And Japanese Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Shinzo Abe. Global petition was launched by Michael Schumacher during the UN Global Road Safety Week in London and also supported by Nobel Prize winner Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

18. Africa’s Hidden Epidemic: • Road Traffic Death and Injuries • The world’s most dangerous road network • Fatality rate of 28 deaths per 100,000 population • Road traffic fatalities forecast to increase by 80% by 2020 • Second leading cause of death for the 5 to 44 age group • Economic costs amount to US$10 billion – or 2 percent of GNP • Country costs range from 0.8% of GNP in Ethiopia, 1% in South Africa, 2.3% in • Zambia and Botswana, 5% in Kenya • In Kenya more than 75% of road traffic casualties are amongst economically active • young adults while pedestrians and passengers in mass transportation account for • 80% of all fatalities.

19. Africa’s Road Safety Challenge • Capacity Building for Injury Prevention • In most countries the institutional framework is weak and where National Road Safety Councils exist, they are dysfunctional. The following countries have established lead institutions in one form or another, but are yet to register sustainable reductions in road crashes:- • Eritrea Niger • Ethiopia Benin • Cote D’Ivore South Africa • Rwanda Tanzania • Zambia Botswana • Malawi Nigeria • Mozambique Uganda • Kenya (in the process of formation)

20. 4th African Road Safety Congress Accra Declaration Held in Ghana in February and adopts ‘Accra Declaration’ endorsed by Ministers of Transport and Health Confirms goal to halve the region’s road traffic fatalities by 2015 and agrees to work together to promote road safety as a health, transportation, law enforcement, education and development priority. Endorses the key recommendations of the Commission for Global Road Safety and calls on the G8 to ensure that road safety is integrated into new road and road rehabilitation projects. Calls on the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa and the World Bank Sub Saharan African Transport Programme to include road safety in their work on Africa’s road network.

22. Public spending on infrastructure has plunged in Africa % of GDP Source: World Bank, 2005.

23. The 2005 Gleneagles G8 Meeting and Infrastructure in Africa The Gleneagles G8 Summit agreed to launch the ‘Infrastructure Consortium for Africa’ which will support the implementation of the NEPAD Short Term Action Plan. Official development assistance to Africa will increase by $25 billion a year by 2010, more than doubling aid to the continent compared to 2004. Investment in road rehabilitation and new roads should be a major priority but so should road safety.

24. Building Safer Roads in Africa - the 10% road safety funding rule… The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) has a proposed road investment programme at a total cost of $1.2bn with a road safety component of just $20m. It should be $120m if the 10% rule was applied. The international community should do much more to integrate safe road design into all road transport infrastructure projects in Africa. The ICA and the World Bank’s Sub-Saharan Transport Programme must ensure that road infrastructure investment in Africa will lead to safer roads and a stronger capacity to develop and implement national road safety plans. This could be a vital catalyst in a new strategic framework for road safety in Africa.

25. A New Strategy for Road Safety in Africa African Governments (with donor agency support) should be persuaded to:- Make road safety a political priority, integrated into wider development goals. Appoint a lead agency for road safety, with adequate resources and accountability. Develop a multidisciplinary ‘safety systems’ approach to road safety. Assess the problem, policies and institutional settings relating to road traffic injury and the capacity for road traffic injury prevention. Adopt appropriate road safety targets and national plans to achieve them. Implement capacity building in injury prevention and specific actions to reduce road crashes and their consequences. Support creation of safety advocacy groups. Appreciate that with properly targeted investment, countries should derive considerable social and economic benefits from reduced road traffic deaths, injuries and disabilities.

26. Thank You!