Adaptive Hypermedia: What is it and why are we doing it?

1. Adaptive Hypermedia:What is it and why are we doing it? Dr. Alexandra Cristea a.i.cristea@warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

2. 1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and Future • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

3. + presentation m. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

4. What is Adaptive Hypermedia? is more than the Web!! • Hypermedia • different media types used in a single application (text, images, sound, video, …) • non-linear structure with navigation through hyper-links • Adaptive • application forms a model of the context in which it is used (user, place, time, device, etc.) • application adapts to that context (can show different information, different media, different links, etc.) • adaptation and user/ presentation modeling interact with each other (or else we say the application is adaptable, not adaptive) IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

5. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

6. The need for personalization IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

7. Why AH? • Problems with hypermedia applications: • information overload: no time or interest to process all • excessive navigational freedom: “lost in hyperspace”which links arerelevant (for this user) ? • comprehension: order (a.o.) may be relevant:what has the user seenbefore when reaching a certain node? • presentation: what fits the user’s screen?how much network bandwidth andprocessing power is available? IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

8. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

9. Application areas AH • Areas • Education • Commerce • Government • others • Adaptation types • Adaptive Help • Adaptive Search • Expert systems – AI • others IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

10. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

11. What can be adapted? – classical views • Adaptive presentation: • change which information is shown • change how that information is shown • Adaptive navigation support: • change which links are shown • change how these links are shown • change the link destinations IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

12. Adaptive Presentation IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

13. Adaptive Navigation Support IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

14. Example from 2L690 • Before reading about Xanadu the URL page shows: • …In Xanadu (a fully distributed hypertext system, developed by Ted Nelson at Brown University, from 1965 on) there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing.… • After reading about Xanadu this becomes: • …In Xanadu there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing.… IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

15. ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation The wrong example: IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

16. Example from Interbook 4 3 2 √ 1 1. Concept role 2. Current concept state 3. Current section state 4. Linked sections state IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

17. TV Scout: What’s on Tonight? IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

18. TV Scout: Forms and Graphical Interface IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

19. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

20. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM) IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

21. User modelling is always about guessing … IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

22. Classical User Model: Overlay UM • user’s knowledge = subset of expert’s knowledge • goal of tutoring: to enlarge this subset. • This model is particularly appropriate when the (teaching) material can be represented as a prerequisite hierarchy. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

23. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

24. Adapt to what (else)? • Knowledge about the subject domain (and possibly also knowledge about the system) • Preferences • Interests • Learning or cognitive styles • Background: profession, language, prospect, capabilities, experience, age • Navigation history IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

25. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM) IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

26. Adapt to what? • Goal • (initial) purpose of the hypermedia • answer to question • “Why should the user use the hypermedia system and what could the user actually achieve?” • Goals can be local or global. • Local goals may changed quite often. For example, the problem-solving goal is a local one, which changes from one educational problem to another several times within a session. • Global goal can be the pedagogical / commercial goal. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

27. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM) IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

28. Adapt to what? Domain model properties Adapt to IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

29. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM) IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

30. Adapt to what? • Context / environment • aspects of the user’s environment, like browsing device, window size, network bandwidth, processing power, quality of service, etc. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

31. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

32. Classic loop (Brusilovsky, ‘01) ++ / Presentation Model IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

33. Adaptive vs. adaptable personalized adaptive adaptable System-tuned User-tuned IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

34. Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000 IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

35. A Comparison between Adaptive and Adaptable Systems Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000 IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

36. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

37. Bit contains text, MM or link New, dynamic view of AH text Bits & pieces link • Generation: • only text • only link • text & link text link text link IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

38. Solutions in short • Standardization • Authoring • Openness New theoretical frameworks needed! New implementations! IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

39. Demo http://www.win.tue.nl/~acristea/Prolearn/ IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

40. Concluding Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present & Future • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • (some) New solutions IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

41. New IAS projects on this • ALS Minerva project • Prolearn IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

42. ALS project in shortissimo • Adaptive Learning Spaces • Main aim: how to bring adaptivity at group level? • What changes? • Group of learners • Group of authors • 8 institutes • representing 7 countries • 2 years; started on the 1st of October 2006 IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

43. Prolearn project in shortissimo • NoE: they bring birds of a feather together • Warwick as new core partner from 1st January 2007 • http://www.prolearn-project.org/ • 21 core partners now • Hundreds of associate partners (Warwick included) IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

44. Any questions? IAS Seminar 7 November 2006