Napoleon Bonaparte’s Rise to Power

1. Napoleon Bonaparte’s Rise to Power Napoleon’s actions increase the spread of nationalism- a sense of identity and unity as a people.

2. Why is the government of France weak following the Reign of Terror?

3. I. Napoleon Seizes Power • Napoleon gained attention in 1795 when he put down a pro-royalist coup in Paris and was promoted to Major General in the Army • Between 1796 and 1797, Napoleon re-organized the French army and went on to win several great victories over the Austrians and Italians. • Between 1798 and 1799 Napoleon’s plans to attack the British but is defeated by Admiral Horatio Nelson of the British Navy. • Napoleon returned to Paris in August 1799, and with the help of his supporters, seized control of France in the ‘coup d’état’. • Following the Coup, a new constitution was introduced, and Napoleon was made First Consul of France. • A group of three consuls- The Consulate- replaced the Directory as the government of France.

4. II. Emperor Napoleon A. Napoleon crowns himself • Napoleon submits a plebiscite- a question to the voter “Did they want to declare France an empire?” Yes. • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor Napoleon I in front of Pope Pius VII in 1804 B. Napoleonic Wars • Napoleon wants to rule Europe and extend that to the Americas- Louisiana, Florida, present-day Haiti—a rebellion in Haiti ends this hope • To conquer Europe Napoleon begins the Napoleonic Wars lasting until 1815. • Great Britain remains France’s strongest enemy- and Napoleon hopes to defeat Admiral Nelson • Nelson is able to defeat a combined French and Spanish navy in the Battle of Trafalgar • Napoleon defeats Russian and Austrian troops at the Battle of Austerlitz

5. Emperor Napoleon –Cont. C. Napoleon Dominates Europe • To weaken Great Britain Napoleon calls for the Continental System or blockade of Britain. • Portugal does not comply - Napoleon sends troops to Portugal conquering Spain as well and places his brother Joseph on the throne. • Spain revolts in 1808 with the aid of Britain- Napoleon is able to suppress the revolts temporarily before pulling troops out of Spain • Through treaties, alliances, victories in battle, Napoleon is able to control most of Europe.

7. III. Napoleon’s Policies A. Reform of Church-State Relations • French Revolution had been anti-religion • Napoleon signs the Concordat recognizing the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, but not making the national religion. B. Economic Reforms • Bank of France- regulates the economy • Efficient tax collection C. Legal and Educational Reforms • Napoleonic Code- made uniform laws across the nation • Order and authority over individual rights • Ex. Freedom of the press is restricted • Ex. Code only applied to male citizens • Did the French Revolution achieve its goals?

8. For Each Image take notes on the following:The setting Napoleon’s actions in the painting Any items in the painting with symbolic meaning

9. The setting • Napoleon’s actions in the painting • Any items in the painting with symbolic meaning

10. The setting • Napoleon’s actions in the painting • Any items in the painting with symbolic meaning

11. The setting • Napoleon’s actions in the painting • Any items in the painting with symbolic meaning

12. The setting • Napoleon’s actions in the painting • Any items in the painting with symbolic meaning