RESULT BASED PLANNING / RESULT BASED MANAGEMENT (RBM)

1. RESULT BASED PLANNING / RESULT BASED MANAGEMENT (RBM) Identification & Formulation of Milestones HIV and AIDS Sector – Technical Review 29th October 2008

2. What is a milestone • Literary definition – “A milestone is a ‘stone post at side of a road to show distance” • In programme planning a “Milestone is a scheduled event signifying the completion of a major deliverable or a set of related deliverables” and a flag in a work plan that some work has been accomplished • Milestones are used as a programme checkpoints to validate how programme is progressing and revalidate work. • A milestone is not an activity BUT an important recommendation that need to be implemented in order to accelerate change; an intermediate goal, an important event or a significant point or stage

3. What is a milestone (cont..) • A milestone is an intermediary result that shows the key steps to be realized to achieve the expected output • Together they reflect the process of how to realize the output • The milestone is a result and must be formulated as a result. • A milestone should not be confused with an activity

4. Example of a milestone

5. Results-Based Planning • A management strategy focused on achieving results • Processes and inputs desired results • Promote Transparency & Accountability for results • Allow Monitoring progress towards results • Provide space for Assessment and reporting on performance

6. Results-Chain effectiveness efficiency Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impact Indicators Assumptions/Risks

7. Measurable change in a state or condition as a result of a programmatic intervention Derive from a cause-and- effect relationship Results? • three levels of results: • impact; • outcome; • output.

8. S Specific M Measurable A Achievable R Relevant T Time bound

9. Two major elements on results Change Causality • Visible transformation • In a group • In an organization • In a society • In a country • Cause and effect relationship between an action and the results achieved. • “If-then” logic.

10. Hierarchy of Change Long-term effects produced by a development intervention, directly or indirectly, intended or unintended. Impact Outcome The likely or achieved short-term and medium-term effects of an intervention’s outputs. Output The products and services which result from the completion of activities within a development intervention.

11. Types of Change Impact Changes in the lives of people: realisation of their rights Institutional Change: values, laws – associated with institutional performance, new institutions Behavioural change: new attitudes, practices Outcomes Output Operational Change: products and services – knowledge, skills

12. Results Like… Focus @ Timeframe more Impact HIV incidence reduced Human! 5-10 yrs then if Outcome Response brought to scale Institutions/ Behaviours 5 yrs then Collective Accountability if Outcome Leadership empowered Institutions/ Behaviours 5 yrs then Output Skills of NAC strengthened Knowledge, skills, abilities, services <3 yrs if then less Activity Train 250 district AIDS officers <1 yr if A Typology for RBM

13. Identifying & Formulating Milestones

14. Checklist for formulation of milestones • RBM (Result Based Management/Planning) • Check if milestones adds up to the output (what need to be achieved) • Check time scale: milestone 1-5 year perspective • Appropriate level of joint responsibility • Appropriate level of expected change • Cause and effect relationship “if->then” (So what?) • Formulation – use of change language • SMART • By when … by 2009 … • The “Change” is expressed changes in the conditions of people • Start with Qualified subject, sets precise criteria for success • Focus on the what and leaves the how open describes • focuses on results, leaving options on how to achieve them • Overall coherence of results framework • Thematic priorities per outcome • Issues to consider when formulating milestones • Geographic area, target group / beneficiaries, quality & quantity

15. Example

16. Refining Results • Change Language • Results language to emphasise future condition • Take out information relating to strategy or activities • All teachers everywhere? By the year 2020? Be more specific • Bring the subject of change to the front and shift from passive to active language • Action Language • To strengthen the capacity of teachers to teach life skills through training on gender sensitive, child friendly, learner directed learning approaches • The capacity of teachers to teach life skills is strengthened • By 2009, the capacity of all life skills teachers in the 10 districts with the highest adolescent HIV incidence rates is strengthened • All life skills teachers in the 10 districts with the highest adolescent HIV incidence rates have increased capacity by 2009 to teach life skills to school children

17. Let’s try some simple examples

18. then Strategic Result if then Programme Result if Result Result then Result Result if When all results have been consolidated into one matrix, (eg an Annual Work Plan) go back and check the “if then” logic

19. EXAMPLES Action Language Goal: to decrease the number of children dying of AIDS and AIDS related causes Objective: to promote the use of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) Activity: train 1000 teachers in participatory learning techniques Indicators: number of TV and radio jingles providing malaria education; number of LLINs distributed Change Language Impact Result: Child mortality from AIDS and related causes decreased from 100% to 40% by 2010 Outcome Result: at least 80% of people in endemic areas sleep under a long lasting Insecticidal net Output Result: 2 teachers in 500 schools are trained in how to teach other teachers in participatory learning Indicator: % of people who know that sleeping under an ITN reduces the risk of malaria; % of people who sleep under a long lasting insecticidal net

20. Action Language expresses results from the provider’s perspective can be interpreted in many ways focuses on completion of activities Change Language describes changes in the conditions of people sets precise criteria for success focuses on results, leaving options on how to achieve them Results Language = Change Language

21. Extra examples on results based language

22. Change Language 75% of people aged 12-24 are practicing abstinence, maintaining a monogamous relationship or consistently using condoms by 2010 The percentage of pregnant women using PMTCT services increased from 40% to 80% by 2010 90% of identified orphans and vulnerable children in model districts are accessing social safety net package by 2008 Action Language Expand the percentage of young people, successfully practicing strong life skills, including HIV/AIDS Ensure that all pregnant women have access to PMTCT services Improve the care and support environment for orphans and vulnerable children

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