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The Cognitive Revolution: a historical perspective

The Cognitive Revolution: a historical perspective. Asheley Landrum and Amy Louise Schwarz. Behaviorism. Behaviorism. Premise Psychology as an objective science Mental events ≠ observable events. Behaviorism. Premise Psychology as an objective science

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The Cognitive Revolution: a historical perspective

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  1. The Cognitive Revolution: a historical perspective Asheley Landrum and Amy Louise Schwarz

  2. Behaviorism

  3. Behaviorism • Premise • Psychology as an objective science • Mental events ≠ observable events

  4. Behaviorism • Premise • Psychology as an objective science • Mental events ≠ observable events • Outcome • Perception = Discrimination • Memory = Learning • Language = Verbal Behavior • Intelligence = What intelligence tests test

  5. Limitations of Behaviorism • It cannot explain a natural language. • Much of human experience is unobservable. • Memory • Decision making • Perceptual experience • Other mental events

  6. Revolution Begins “Defining psychology as the science of behavior is like defining physics as the science of meter reading.” – Noam Chomsky

  7. Cognitive Revolution

  8. Cognitive Revolution • Mentalism = Cognition • Integrate mentalistic concepts to explain behavioral data. • Re-opened communication with Europe

  9. 1956 - Critical Year: Information Processing (Newell & Simon) • Began Development of Artificial Intelligence • Studies about Thinking • Notions of Cognitive Strategies • Magic # 7, plus or minus 2 • Signal Detection Theory applied to Perception

  10. 9/11/56: Moment of Conception • Interdisciplinary Approach • AI • Math • Computer Science • Language • Neuropsychology

  11. 9/11/56: Moment of Conception • Key Papers • “Logic Machine” (Newell & Simon) • Testing Neuropsychological Theory of Cell Assembly (Rochester at IBM) • Statistical analysis of gaps in relation to syntax (Yngve) • Mathematics of Grammar – transformational grammar (Chomsky) • Speed of Perceptual Recognition (Szikakli)

  12. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation • Created Neuroscience • Created a program: cognitive science • Miller argued: Interdisciplinary field • Report created for the Foundation • Scholars from several fields came together • Unwilling to comment on each other’s disciplines • So, just summarized their own fields • Foundation provided grants to promote communication between disciplines.

  13. Discussion Questions

  14. Discussion Questions Psycholinguistics Computational Linguistics Cybernetics Brain Evolution

  15. Discussion Questions • Miller only labeled four of the connections between fields. What interdisciplinary fields link the remaining nodes? • What field belongs at the center of the figure?

  16. Discussion Questions

  17. Discussion Questions • Miller contends the central three are: • Psychology, • Linguistics, and • Computer Science • What is your opinion?

  18. Cognitive Science vs Cognitive Sciences • What are the benefits of thinking of it as a unified science? • What are the detriments? • Should people from different disciplines comment regularly on each other’s work?

  19. Artificial Intelligence • Do you think it is possible to advance artificial intelligence to the point where it accurately mimics life? • Are there any aspects of human cognition that you believe are unable to be replicated?

  20. Discussion Questions • This article is a personal account of the cognitive revolution. What is added or taken away by this being a personal account as opposed to a historical perspective as the title suggests?

  21. Discussion Questions • How did the invention of the computer contribute to the perception of cognitive science?

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