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J. Mosquera 1 , G.-J Monteny 1 and J.W. Erisman 2 1 Wageningen University & Research Centrum

Methods to measure ammonia emissions from animal houses: the case of the Netherlands. J. Mosquera 1 , G.-J Monteny 1 and J.W. Erisman 2 1 Wageningen University & Research Centrum 2 Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands. Transport and reaction. NH 4 HSO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 NH 4 NO 3.

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J. Mosquera 1 , G.-J Monteny 1 and J.W. Erisman 2 1 Wageningen University & Research Centrum

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  1. Methods to measure ammonia emissions from animal houses: the case of the Netherlands J. Mosquera1, G.-J Monteny1 and J.W. Erisman2 1 Wageningen University & Research Centrum 2 Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

  2. Transport and reaction NH4HSO4 (NH4)2SO4 NH4NO3 Deposition NH3 NH3 NH4+ Emission Effects - Acidification - Eutrophication - Loss of biodiversity Ammonia cycle

  3. 128 kton 100 kton Ammonia emissions

  4. Ammonia reduction • Regulations • Covering of outside slurry storage • No broadcast application of manure • Green Label award for low emitting houses • Transition towards low emitting pig and poultry houses • Regional differentiation (sensitive regions) • MINAS

  5. Agricultural sources Ammonia emissions (ktons) in the Netherlands (1997)

  6. Measurement protocols • Housing systems categorized by species and types • Measurement technique • Duration of the measurements • Period of the year • Management

  7. Mechanical ventilation Natural ventilation Animal houses Emission = Ventilation * Concentration in exhaust

  8. Ventilator Sample line NOx monitor Fan wheel anemometer Mechanically ventilated animal houses Sample line to NOx Fan wheel anemometer

  9. Qtracer QNH3 CNH3 = Ctracer Naturally ventilated animal houses

  10. Current protocols: benefits and drawbacks • Benefits • Process-level information • Management • Daily/Seasonal patterns • Drawbacks • Labor intensive • High costs (equipment, maintenance, personal) • Small number of animal houses measured

  11. Options for improvement • New sampling strategies • Based on data series and statistics • Sources of variance • Autocorrelation • New measurement techniques • Accuracy/ Precision • Representativity • Costs

  12. s2between_farms s2equipment s2within_farms s2system = + + #farms (#farms*#days) (#farms*#days*#replicates) New strategies • Sources of variance • More locations to be measured • Autocorrelation • Shorter measurement periods • Year round measurements

  13. Control tube D 0 Pressure taps Connecting piece Measurement tube Source Passive flux samplers under ventilation shafts

  14. Protocols and methods: costs

  15. MFC to injection points dryer compressor MFC Tracer gas sample line denuder pump Canister Monitor Canister+denuder

  16. Flux frame method

  17. Plume measurements (ECN)

  18. Tracer gas, NH3 Tracer gas Quick box method

  19. Low cost sensors for ammonia • Management emissions • Ventilation rate • Detection limit • Open path Tunable Diode Laser • Interference with other gases • Laser stability • Ventilation rate Further research

  20. Conclusions (I) • New strategies • More animal houses to be measured • Shorter measurement periods • Year round measurements • Mechanically ventilated animal houses • Passive flux samplers under the ventilation shafts • Naturally ventilated animal houses • Intern tracer gas ratio method with canister+denuder • Flux frame method • Plume measurements

  21. Conclusions (II) • Animal houses with outdoor yards • Integrate system: Flux frame method, plume measurements • House and outdoor yards (quick box) apart • Further research • Low cost sensors for ammonia • Open path Tunable Diode Laser

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