Summary--- 构词法

Summary---构词法 • 合成 combination • 派生 derivation ---prefix, suffix • 转化 conversion • 缩写简写 short form

Conversion 词的转化 • 1) 名词转化为动词 paper — to paper the room dream ---- to dream a sweet dream question • 2) 动词转化为名词 to show — to give a show to answer — to give an answer to lead — to take a lead

change(变化n./转变,变成v.) result(结果n./导致v.) score(得分n./得分 v.) surprise(惊奇n./使惊奇 v.) win(胜利n./赢得 v.) work(工作n./使工作,起作用 v.) attack(进攻n./攻击 v.) end(结束n./结束,终止 v.) guard(护卫n./防守v.)

3) 形容词转化为动词 empty — to empty the bag slow — to slow down better — to better your study • 4 ) 副词转化为动词 back — to back a car down — to down a plane near — to near the temple

5) 形容词转化为名词 calm — a calm on the sea high — a new high of the industry good — a lot of good right — to tell right from wrong

better, empty, cool, slow clear,dirty spare,busy dry,wet calm, own chair, hand, wound, picture, taste, land, cook, step, book, sort, back, guard, name, heat, seat cold, back, noble hard, early well, wide fast, last

有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化 export / ' ekspo:t/ n. 出口 /ik'spo :t/ v.出口 import / ‘ impo :t/ n. 进口 /im'po:t/ v.进口 permit / ' p ә ：mit/ n. 许可证 /p ə 'mit/ v. 准许 present / ‘ prez ə nt/ n. 礼物 /pri ' zent/ v. 赠送 increase / ‘ inkri:s/ n.增加 /in'kri:s/ v. 增加 record / ' reko:d/ n.唱片/ri ' ko:d/ v.记录

Activity 1 Read the sentences and answer the questions. • a) averaged / average: in the first sentence “averaged” is a verb describing what Chamberlain did; in the second sentence “average” is a noun telling us what we are talking about. score / score: in the first sentence “score” is part of “to score” the infinitive of the verb telling us what Jordan did; in the second sentence “score” is a noun telling us what we are talking about. • b) No, it doesn’t.

Activity 2 1. win 2. a surprise 3. a change Activity 3 1. verb: dream 2. noun: result 3. noun: star 4. verb: worked 5. noun: questions Do Activity 2 and 3

Activity 4 1. broke 2. head 3. record 4. played 5. headed 6. recorded 7. play 8. break Activity 5 1. don’t change: drink; walk; 2. change: watch; mind; plan; Do Activity 4 and 5

Activity 1 1. beautiful 2. careful 3. hopeful 4. painful 5. powerful 6. wonderful Activity 2 1. powerful 2. painful 3. careful 4. hopeful 5. wonderful Grammar 2---SuffixesDo Activity 1 and 2

Do Activity 3 • 1. It means that it is "full" of that quality, e.g. hopeful = full of hope 2. It is without the quality described by the noun, e.g. hopeless = without hope 3. power, hope, care, pain 4. endless — limited; homeless — home-owning; selfless — selfish; worthless — valuable

Do Activity 4 • artistic • athletic • dramatic • energetic • fantastic

Activity 5 • 1 In the floor exercises in gymnastics you have to be athletic and artistic. • 2 You have to be very energetic to be a professional sportsman or woman. • 3 Some football matches are very dramatic, with extra time and penalty shoot-outs. • 4 When your team wins a cup, it's a fantastic feeling.

Summary • 通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个词叫词的派生。本册主要出现了名词加后缀构成形容词的用法。最常见的后缀为-ful, -less, -ible, -ive, -ish, -ic, -ary, -ous, -er, -or, -tion, -ism, -ship, -ness, -ing, -ment, -hood, -ance, -ess,-ee,-eer • 归纳如下: • 名词后加 -ful power—powerful; hope—hopeful; wonder—wonderful; pain—painful; beauty—beautiful; help—helpful; care—careful

名词后加-less end—endless; home—homeless; care—careless; fear—fearless • 名词后加-ic history—historic; artist—artistic; fantasy—fantastic; drama—dramatic; poet—poetic • 名词后加-al nation—national; environment—environmental

名词后加-ive act—active; expense—expensive • 名词后加-ous fame—famous; courage—courageous • 名词后加-able comfort—comfortable; reason—reasonable • 名词后加-ible sense—sensible; response—responsible • 名词后加-y rain—rainy; sun—sunny; cloud—cloudy; wind—windy • 名词后加-ly friend—friendly; month—monthly

Homework • 1. Try to find some information about the following the word -formation • 2. Finish the grammar exercises on WB

Summary--- 构词法