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Ecology

Why are the cycles important? How do organisms interact with each other? How can we show trends in populations over time? Ecology What does it mean when we talk about the ecosystem? What is Ecology? Ecology The study of interactions between organisms Recall the levels of organization:

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Ecology

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  1. Why are the cycles important? How do organisms interact with each other? How can we show trends in populations over time? Ecology

  2. What does it mean when we talk about the ecosystem?What is Ecology?

  3. Ecology • The study of interactions between organisms • Recall the levels of organization: • Organism • Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biome • Biosphere

  4. Energy Flow • Starts at sun • Some make food from chemicals, not sun = chemosynthesis

  5. Producers- produce their own sugar, gain energy from sun

  6. Consumers- consume other things to get their energy

  7. What about mushrooms on a fallen tree?How are dead deer on the side of the road broken down naturally?

  8. Detritivores = feed on dead matter

  9. Decomposers = break down organic matter

  10. http://media.ebaumsworld.com/picture/kiltedrufus/FoodChain.pnghttp://media.ebaumsworld.com/picture/kiltedrufus/FoodChain.png

  11. Food Chain • One organism passing energy to the next, and so on • Straight line • Arrow = the way energy is moving

  12. http://www.dist102.k12.il.us/resources/Science%20Kids/food-chain.jpghttp://www.dist102.k12.il.us/resources/Science%20Kids/food-chain.jpg

  13. Food Webs • Many organisms giving and receiving energy • Arrows = energy movement

  14. http://www.abe.ufl.edu/~owens/age2062/lect/lect_28/40_07.GIF

  15. Trophic Level • each step in a food chain or food web

  16. http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htm

  17. Ecological Pyramids • Shows the amount of energy or matter in each trophic level of chain or web • 3 types • Energy- only 10% of energy is transferred to next level • Biomass-mass of all the organisms in that level • Numbers- how many organisms in that level

  18. http://www.freewebs.com/the_grey_pilgrim/energy%20pyramid.bmphttp://www.freewebs.com/the_grey_pilgrim/energy%20pyramid.bmp

  19. Biomass Pyramid http://resources.edb.gov.hk/biology/english/images/environment/pyramid.gif

  20. Numbers Pyramid http://www.econguru.com/fundamentals_of_ecology/image/ecological_pyramid.gif

  21. Water Cycle • Water moving through environments • Transpiration- from trees to clouds • Evaporation- from body of water to clouds • Precipitation- from clouds to ground • Condensation- making clouds • Run-off- doesn’t soak into soil • Ground water- rivers underground

  22. Carbon Cycle • Carbon moving through environments • Decomposition- decaying organisms • Oil, coal, and fuels come from compressed decayed organisms

  23. http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/images/carboncycle.jpghttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/images/carboncycle.jpg

  24. Nitrogen Cycle • Nitrogen moving through environment • Plants need nitrogen to make food

  25. http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/nitrogen-cycle.gif

  26. Phosphorous Cycle • Moving phosphorous through the environment • Needed to make DNA and RNA • Mostly in rock, minerals, and land

  27. http://arnica.csustan.edu/carosella/Biol4050W03/figures/phosph1.jpghttp://arnica.csustan.edu/carosella/Biol4050W03/figures/phosph1.jpg

  28. Niche • Place an organism holds in an ecosystem, includes what it eats, when it eats, how it mates, how it gets food, and interaction with other organisms • Species has evolved to fit that niche PERFECTLY

  29. http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/ysesp/images/niche.jpg

  30. http://www.fieldstonealliance.org/client/client_images/cartoon-find_niche.jpghttp://www.fieldstonealliance.org/client/client_images/cartoon-find_niche.jpg

  31. Habitat • Where a species lives, where it can be found

  32. Competitive Exclusion Principle • No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

  33. Competition • Organisms or species fighting over resources

  34. Resource • Anything necessary to life: water, sunlight, food, shelter, etc.

  35. Predation • Predator feeds on prey http://www.stanford.edu/~siegelr/tz/tz2006/predatorandprey.jpg

  36. Symbiosis • Relationship in which two species live closely together http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/JAG/03-PS101-6~Symbiosis-Posters.jpg

  37. Mutualism • Both benefit http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=65599&rendTypeId=4

  38. Commensalism • One benefits, other is not helped harmed http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/anemonefish.jpg

  39. Parasitism • One benefits, other is harmed http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/ExamplesOfParasitism_files/image008.jpg

  40. Primary Succession • No soil exists, first organism to come along • Happens with volcanoes and rock exposed from glaciers melting

  41. http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2254/1937932386_03c78fa3e0.jpg?v=1194662963http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2254/1937932386_03c78fa3e0.jpg?v=1194662963

  42. Secondary Succession • Soil exists, something was once there, cleared by natural disaster http://www.prairiefriends.org/image/fire/prescribedBurn1_04..jpg

  43. Taiga Chaparral Tropical Dry Forest Tundra Deciduous Forest Desert Tropical Rain Forest Estuaries Shrublands Grassland Coral Reef Tropical Savanna Ocean Major Biomes

  44. Tropical Rain Forest http://msstrickland.com/eport/Rainforest.jpg

  45. Tropical Dry Forest http://www.stanford.edu/group/seasonally_dry/Dryforest_images/watering_hole.jpg

  46. Tropical Savanna http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=94366&rendTypeId=4

  47. Desert http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/environment/pictures/desert2.jpg

  48. Grasslands http://grasslands.org.za.dedi539.your-server.de/assets/content_images/Image/Grasslands__SANBI_.JPG

  49. Shrublands http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/images/grassland17_jdg.jpg

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