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Public Health Service Response to Influenza Vaccine Supply Problems

Learn how the CDC tackled the influenza vaccine shortage crisis through strategic communication, new knowledge generation, and media campaigns. Discover the lessons learned from the programmatic challenges faced.

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Public Health Service Response to Influenza Vaccine Supply Problems

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  1. Public Health Service Responseto Influenza Vaccine Supply Problems Lance E. Rodewald, MD Immunization Services Division National Immunization Program CDC

  2. Scope of CDC Talk • What we were worried about • What was done • What happened so far • Programmatic lessons learned so far

  3. Basic Chronology Jan 1 Dec 31 Notification of CDC of possible enforcement actions MMWR announcing delay, possible shortage ACIP recommendations for delay scenario published

  4. What We Were Worried About • Vaccine shortage • Each 1M doses to elderly translates to • 900 deaths • 1,300 hospitalizations • Estimates of supply not reassuring • Vaccine supply dependant on manufacturer • Primarily private sector distribution • Targeting vaccine during shortage

  5. What Was Done • Communicate with partners • Federal agencies • Public health and private providers • Guarantee production of more vaccine • Develop web site • Generate new knowledge • Create good practices material • Conduct media campaigns

  6. Federal Contract for Influenza Vaccine Production • 9 million doses of influenza vaccine • Doses would not have been made without contract • Availability: mid-December, 2000 • Approximate prices • $3 - public sector • $5 - private • Public health priority on purchase • Purpose: implement ACIP targeting policy • Purchase by application only • Reviewed, ranked, prioritized by algorithm • Application to Aventis

  7. Vaccine Production Purchase Chronology Funds certified for 9M doses MMWR: web site taking orders Vaccine ships Notification of CDC of possible enforcement actions MMWR announcing delay, possible shortage ACIP recommendations for delay scenario published

  8. CDC Web Site www.cdc.gov/nip • Vaccine availability • Links providers with vaccine to those without • Information only – not a vending site • Vaccine available from manufacturer or wholesaler • Links to states willing to redistribute • Initially, no vaccine on the web site • More valuable as season progresses • Information • ACIP / MMWR statements • Links to news, surveillance, etc. • Helpful material for providers

  9. New Knowledge • Provider-based studies (U. Michigan) • Focus groups • Quantitative survey • Public-targeted studies • Focus groups in urban areas

  10. One-Page Brochures for Providers’ Use • Flyers desirable, according to physicians • Messages developed through focus groups • Barriers to vaccination • Motivators to get vaccinated • Three brochures are being finalized • Who is at high risk? • Don’t delay getting vaccinated • Your vaccination also protects others • Wide availability of brochures

  11. Media Campaign • Harrison Maldanado and Associates (HMA) • Target audience • African-Americans • Hispanic Americans • General population • Media: TV, radio, outdoor/transit ads • Material made available to all partners • Two-phase campaign • Mid-November: high risk vaccination • Dec. – Jan.: It is not too late to get vaccinated

  12. What Happened So Far • Delay was as predicted by FDA • Media campaigns conducted on time • Total supply similar to last year • Time-related vaccine shortage occurred • Variation in timing of order fulfillment • Many upset providers • Vaccination campaigns delayed / cancelled • Spot vaccine price rose and fell • CDC-procured 9M doses of vaccine • Available as scheduled • Did not sell well

  13. Vaccine Production Purchase Chronology Funds certified for 9M doses MMWR: web site taking orders Vaccine ships Notification of CDC of possible enforcement actions MMWR announcing delay, possible shortage ACIP recommendations for delay scenario published

  14. CDC-Procured Vaccine • Safety-net vaccine • Orders of intent to purchase • Would be prioritized by algorithm • Peak 4.5M doses • Actual orders made • Purchaser could withdraw intent • Total so far: 1.5M doses • 16% of the 9M doses

  15. Programmatic Lessons Learned So Far • Vaccine supply is fragile • Vaccine must be available on time • Distribution is private • Third-party distributors prominent • Early contracts with penalty clauses • Physician ordering behavior difficult to change • Limited ability to influence private market • Must engage private sector early • Vaccine demand is time sensitive • Matching supply and demand challenging • Currently there is a vaccine surplus

  16. Lessons Learned (2) • Targeting vaccination requires • Change in behavior • State and local public health infrastructure to target vaccination efforts • Private sector capabilities currently unavailable • Effective communications

  17. We Were Fortunate Because • Not an early influenza season • 4 of last 18 seasons (22%) peaked in Dec. • Time-sensitive shortage  more impact • Total supply available this year was similar to last year • Able to reassure that vaccine will arrive • Not a pandemic year

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