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Smart Heat-Generating Glove Prototype for Cold Environments

Developing a glove using reversible exothermic material to generate heat, with integrated smart features and efficient PCM designs for warmth in cold conditions. Testing, fabricating, and optimizing for improved warmth efficiency.

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Smart Heat-Generating Glove Prototype for Cold Environments

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  1. GLove Kristin Brodie Jeff Colton Colin Galbraith Bushra Makiya Tiffany Santos

  2. Objective To create a glove that will generate heat to help keep one’s hand warm in a cold environment • What will this require? • Source of heat • How will they be different? • Lightweight • Smart • Temperature Sensor/Switch • Rechargeable Battery • Reversible Exothermic Material

  3. Heat Loss Model Conduction • Cylindrical Hand • Power Lost @ -10C relative to Power Lost @ 25C • 2rLq = 2L(T1-T3)/R = 2.5W • R = Fabric Resistance + BL Resistance Glove Layers Convection

  4. Overview

  5. Battery Operated Glove

  6. Wires

  7. Mechanical Testing Data

  8. Electrical Resistivity Testing All wire diameters are ~40mm *R for wire wrapped around a finger **R for wire after work-hardening

  9. Wire Insulators Teflon Tubing Nextel Braids

  10. Batteries • Amphr • Size • Durability • Recharge ability

  11. Field Testing My hand feels warm, stop recording At what temperature is your hand comfortable? Tested 10 subjects • Placed in freezer • Dressed in winter clothes • Wore gloves with heating element • 1.7W of power supplied • Temp recorded when subject said their hand was warm Conclusion • Thermal Switch should turn power off at ~32C

  12. Temperature Sensor/Switch Resistance/Current Testing

  13. Fabric Blends of Polyester/Cotton were tested • Thermal Testing • Input Power = 1.73 W • 100cm of wire • 3.7V • Temperature inside and outside • of glove measured Power Generated From Glove: 2rLq=2L(T1-T3)/R = 1.73 W L/R = 0.018 W/K Power lost using 100P* under conditions previously modeled: 2.7 W

  14. Phase Change Materials (PCM) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) • Tm = 26.6° C • Tc = 9.8° C • Hc = 151.0 J/g • Extremely hydrophilic Octadecane • Tm = 27.2° C • Tc = 16.5° C • Hc = 283.5 J/g • Hydrophobic

  15. PCM Incorporation PURPOSE: To prevent leakage from glove when PCM melts. Ideal Process • Microspheres to maximize surface area • Polypropylene (PP) / High Density Polyethylene (PE) • Can be used to encapsulate microspheres • Can be drawn into fibers • Extrusion of PEG/PP: phase separation Complications • Different thermal properties of PEG and PE • Lack of Encapsulation Capabilities • Lack of Extrusion Facilities

  16. Microsphere Fabrication Successfully produced both paraffin and octadecane microspheres. Complications • Inefficiency of filtering process • Large scale production

  17. Final PCM Designs Octadecane • Ground particles embedded in base material. • Polydimethyl Siloxane (PDMS) Resin • Thermal conductivity = 0.002W/m*K • 5g octadecane in 10ml (~7.5g) PDMS PEG • Melting attempts failed. • Heat sealed in bags. • Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) • Thermal conductivity = 0.33W/m*K • 7g of PEG in ~11g LDPE -(CH2-CH2)-

  18. Comparison of PCM Designs Octadecane in PDMS PEG in PE Potential Heat: 2.36 J Actual Heat: 1.16 J Efficiency: 49% Potential Heat: 0.66 J Actual Heat: 0.43 J Efficiency: 65%

  19. PCM Conclusions • Octadecane is more efficient than PEG. • Polyethylene is more efficient than PDMS. • Future Recommendations • Encapsulate octadecane in polyethylene. • Extrusion

  20. Assembly Fabrication of Gloves Inner Lining Outer Cover Sew wire into glove Encapsulation of PCMs Connect wires to temp. switch Connect wires to battery

  21. Cost Analysis Competitors: $40-$150

  22. Results

  23. Future Work Improvements • Encapsulation process • Incorporation of PCM into glove • Incorporation of thermally conductive material into PCM gloves • Incorporation of wire into glove • Insulation • Ease of access to recharge battery • On/Off switch • Application of Wire Insulation • Field Test Prototype w/ People or Heat Model • In Freezer

  24. Acknowledgements

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