M. Khederzadeh Power & Water University of Technology (PWUT) Tehran, IRAN.

1. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Impacts on the Performance of Special Protection Schemes (SPS) M. Khederzadeh Power & Water University of Technology (PWUT) Tehran, IRAN. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

2. Motivation of Research • Presence of DG increases the uncertainty of load and generation balance during extreme contingencies. • In order to compensate for this uncertainty, many SPSs are designed with pessimistic assumptions and consequently overreact. • For example, too much load could be shed in a specific network situation or disturbance. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

3. Presentation Outline • Introduction • DER Impact on Performance of SPS • SPS and Uncertainties of DERs • Simulation Results • Remedial Actions • Conclusion M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

4. Introduction • Power System protection can be divided as: • Equipment protection • System protection(SPS=System Protection Scheme) • SPS are protections which operate on selected rare contingencies usually outside the design range of the system and equipments. • SPS operates upon the detection of extreme contingencies. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

5. DER Impact on SPS Performance • Renewable energy resources have an uncertain generation nature. • If real-time data of the DERs are not available to the SPS; its reaction is not optimized. • Impact of the DERs uncertainty on the SPS operation depends on its complexity. • Real time SPSs have a more optimized reaction because they are based on the knowledge of the actual network conditions. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

6. Sample Network M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

7. Sample Network Transmission Lines M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

8. Sample Network Wind Generation M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

9. Wind turbine output power versus turbine speed for different wind speeds M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

10. Generated P and Q of the wind farm for 8m/s and 14m/s wind speed M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

11. P and Q for wind speed 8m/s. Line1 is disconnected at t=35s. SPS correctly reacts to mitigate Line 2 overloading. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

12. P and Q for wind speed 10m/s. Line1 is disconnected at t=35s. SPS overreacts at t=40s to mitigate Line 2 overloading. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

13. SPS performance for different wind farm generation in response to a disturbance M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

14. Remedial Actions • Development of a communication infrastructure in order to have enough data of DERs applicable in the SPS decision taking, i.e., transformation of conventional SPS into smart SPS. • Another solution could be implementation of pre-prepared wind/sunshine patterns into the SPS reaction plan. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

15. Conclusion • The impact of DERs on the conventionally designed SPS is investigated. • It is shown that the uncertainty embedded in the nature of renewable resources such as wind and sunshine can influence the performance of SPS. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

16. Conclusion… • Generally, it is assumed that the DERs are operating at their rated power output, so if real-time data from these sources are not available, then the SPS action to shed generation/load to alleviate overloading of transmission lines is overated. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

17. Conclusion… • In order to improve the knowledge on system security, a statistical approach can be defined to allow engineers to study the behavior of power systems taking into account many uncertainties that influence the results. M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066

18. Thank you for your attention! Questions M.Khederzadeh – IRAN – RIF S3 – Paper 0066