America as a World Power: Roosevelt, Panama Canal, and Mexican Revolution

1. STANDARD(S) ADRESSED: 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. CH 10-SEC 4 LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy promoted American power around the world. • Describe how Woodrow Wilson’s missionary diplomacy ensured U.S. dominance in Latin America.

2. QUIZ! 1 2 1 2 1 First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-10-4

3. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

4. Section 4 America as a World Power The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution add to America’s military and economic power. NEXT

5. SECTION 4 America as a World Power Teddy Roosevelt and the World • Roosevelt the Peacemaker • Roosevelt does not want Europeans to control world economy, politics • 1904, Japan, Russia dispute control of Korea • Roosevelt negotiates Treaty of Portsmouth: • - Japan gets Manchuria, Korea • - Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize • U.S., Japan continue diplomatic talks • - pledge to respect each other’s possessions Continued . . . NEXT

6. AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER Two events signaled America’s continued climb toward being the #1 world power 1) Roosevelt negotiated a settlement between Russia and Japan who had been at War – his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouthwon Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize 2) Construction of Panama Canal The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually

7. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

8. Japan received half of Sakhalin Island but no cash payment. Russia agreed to let Japan take over Russian Interest in Manchuria and Korea. In future years, the two nations continued diplomatic talks. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. • A – What effect results of Roosevelt’s negotiations with the Japanese and Russians?

9. SECTION 4 continuedTeddy Roosevelt and the World • Panama Canal • U.S. wants canal to cut travel time of commercial, military ships • U.S. buys French company’s route through Panama • Negotiates with Colombia to build Panama Canal; talks break down • French company agent helps organize Panamanian rebellion • - U.S. gives military aid • U.S., Panama sign treaty; U.S. pays $10 million for Canal Zone Continued . . . NEXT

10. THE PANAMA CANAL By the early 20th century, many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama It would greatly reduce travel times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans “The shortcut”

11. SECTION 4 continuedTeddy Roosevelt and the World • Constructing the Canal • Construction of canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats • - fight diseases, geographic obstacles • - at height, 43,400 workers employed Continued . . . NEXT

12. BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL 1904-1914 The French had already unsuccessfully attempted to build a canal through Panama America first had to help Panama win their independence from Colombia – which it did Construction of the Canal stands as one of the greatest engineering feats of all-time Cost- $380 million Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time – Construction took 10 years

13. Panama Canal

16. Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal, which became sole property of Panama in the year 2000

17. Chapter 10 Section 4 B – What problems did canal workers encounter in constructing the canal? Builders fought disease and the difficult removal of soft volcanic soil. They also had to clear brush and drain swamps.

18. SECTION 4 continuedTeddy Roosevelt and the World The Roosevelt Corollary • Roosevelt fears European intervention if Latin America defaults • Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out • Roosevelt Corollary—U. S. to use force to protect economic interests NEXT

19. The Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt fears European intervention if Latin America defaults Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out

20. Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary—U. S. to use force to protect economic interests

21. Roosevelt Corollary • Columbia refuses to give the US the rights to build the panama Canal. • The US makes Panama an independent nation

22. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

23. SECTION 4 continuedTeddy Roosevelt and the World Dollar Diplomacy • Early 1900s, U.S. exercises police power on several occasions • Dollar diplomacy—U.S. guarantees foreign loans by U.S. business NEXT

26. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

29. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

32. SECTION 4 Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy The Mexican Revolution • Missionary diplomacy—U.S. has moral responsibility: - will not recognize regimes that are oppressive, undemocratic • Under dictator Porfirio Díaz, much U.S. investment in Mexico • 1911, peasants, workers led by Francisco Madero overthrow Díaz • General Victoriano Huerta takes over government; Madero is murdered • Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government Continued . . . NEXT

33. Chapter 10 Section 4 C – Why did President Wilson refuse to recognize Huerta’s government? Wilson was following his policy of missionary diplomacy. He considered Huerta a murderer because he had ordered rebel leader Francisco Madero executed.

34. SECTION 4 continuedWoodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy • Intervention in Mexico • Huerta’s officers arrest U.S. sailors, quickly release them • Wilson orders Marines to occupy Veracruz • Argentina, Brazil, Chile mediate to avoid war • Huerta regime falls; nationalist Venustiano Carranza new president Continued . . . NEXT

35. Èl Usurpador`-Victoriano Huerta. (1850-1916)

36. Veracruz Invasion

37. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

38. SECTION 4 continuedWoodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Rebellion in Mexico • Francisco “Pancho” Villa,Emiliano Zapata oppose Carranza - Zapata wants land reform - Villa a fierce nationalist • Wilson recognizes Carranza’s government; Villa threatens reprisals - Villa’s men kill Americans Continued . . . NEXT

40. SECTION 4 continuedWoodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Chasing Villa • Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing leads force to capture Villa • Carranza demands withdrawal of U.S. troops; Wilson at first refuses • U.S. faces war in Europe, wants peace on southern border - Wilson orders Pershing home • Mexico adopts new constitution: - government controls oil, minerals - restricts foreign investors • 1920, Alvaro Obregón new president; ends civil war, starts reforms NEXT

41. Carranza vs Villa Pancho Villa = Robin Hood (Jose DoroteoArangoArambula)

43. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

44. US TROOPS ENTER MEXICO

45. Mexican populace demonstrates against U.S. incursion

46. Mexico nationalizes all of its natural resources. Kicks out foreign investors

47. Chapter 10 Section 4Guided Reading:

48. QUIZ! 1 2 1 2 1 First & Last Name Fill in your ID NUMBER! CH-10-4