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CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN C F I T

CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN C F I T. C F I T. DEFINITION AN EVENT WHERE A MECHANICALLY NORMALLY FUNCTIONING AIRPLANE IS INADVERTENTLY FLOWN INTO THE GROUND, WATER, OR AN OBSTACLE. OVERVIEW FOR MANAGEMENT. INTRODUCTION.

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CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN C F I T

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  1. CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN C F I T

  2. C F I T DEFINITION AN EVENT WHERE A MECHANICALLY NORMALLY FUNCTIONING AIRPLANE IS INADVERTENTLY FLOWN INTO THE GROUND, WATER, OR AN OBSTACLE

  3. OVERVIEW FOR MANAGEMENT

  4. INTRODUCTION • CFIT CONTINUES TO BE THE DOMINANT REASON FOR ACCIDENTS INVOLVING HULL LOSSES AND FATALITIES • 9000 PEOPLE HAVE DIED WORLD WIDE BECAUSE OF CFIT • AT CURRENT RATE CFIT COULD CAUSE ONE MAJOR AIRLINE HULL LOSS, AND ASSOCIATED FATALITIES, PER WEEK BY YEAR 2010 • IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT CFIT ACCIDENT RATE BE LOWERED • OPERATORS MUST BE MADE AWARE OF THE CFIT PROBLEM AS WELL AS TRAINED TO AVOID THESE ACCIDENTS

  5. GENERAL GOALS & OBJECTIVES • EDUCATE BOTH OPERATIONAL & MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL • PROVIDE SPECIFIC, APPROPRIATE EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL • PROPOSE AN EXAMPLE TRAINING PROGRAM • PROVIDE MANAGERS WITH AN EFFECTIVE CFIT AVOIDANCE STRATEGY

  6. RESOURCE UTILIZATION • OPERATORS SHOULD USE BOTH THE ACADEMIC AND SIMULATOR TRAINING PROGRAM TO ACHIEVE A WELL-BALANCED, EFFECTIVE CFIT TRAINING PROGRAM • ALLOCATION OF TRAINING TIME FOR CFIT WITHIN BOTH RECURRENT AND TRANSITION PROGRAM WILL VARY WITH EACH OPERATOR

  7. DECISION MAKERS GUIDE • AIRLINE MANAGEMENT CREATES THE SAFETY CULTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION. THIS CULTURE THEN AFFECTS EVERYONE WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION • ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS ARE PREVENTABLE THROUGH EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT: DOING SO IS COST EFFECTIVE

  8. C F I T ACCIDENTS

  9. HULL-LOSS ACCIDENTS FOR WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL JET FLEET

  10. CFIT HULL-LOSS ACCIDENTS FOR WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL JET FLEET

  11. WORLDWIDE AIRLINE ACCIDENTS CLASSIFIED BY TYPE - 1991 THROUGH 1995

  12. WORLDWIDE AIRLINE FATALITIES CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF ACCIDENT-1991 THROUGH 1995

  13. POSITIVE RESULTS OF GROUND WARNING SYSTEMS (GPWS)

  14. CFIT ACCIDENT PER YEAR-USA AND WORLD CARRIERS

  15. GPWS INITIAL RELIABILITY AND FOLLOW- ON IMPROVEMENTS

  16. FLIGHT PATH PROFILE: 707-300, Santa Maria, Azores, February 8, 1989

  17. INDUSTRY SUPPORT REQUIRED FOR GPWS

  18. WORLD AIRLINE JET FLEET EQUIPPED WITH GPWS

  19. COMMERCIAL JET CFIT ACCIDENTS; 7-YEAR PERIOD-1989 THROUGH 1995

  20. CFIT AND FLIGHT CREW

  21. CAUSES FOR CFIT ACCIDENTS

  22. PRIMARY CAUSE FACTORS FOR HULL-LOSS ACCIDENTS FOR WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL JET FLEET

  23. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO CFIT • ALTIMETER SETTING UNITS OF MEASUREMENT • ALTIMETER SETTING • SAFE ALTITUDES • AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL • FLIGHT CREW COMPLACENCY • PROCEDURAL Contd.

  24. PERCENTAGE OF ALL ACCIDENTS BY PHASE OF FLIGHT AND THE PERCENTAGE OF FLIGHT TIME THAT THE FLIGHT CREW IS EXPOSED DURING THAT PHASE

  25. MAP LOCATION OF CFIT ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS

  26. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO CFIT • DESCENT, APPROACH AND LANDING

  27. PRIMARY CAUSE FACTORS FOR HULL-LOSS ACCIDENTS FOR WORLDWIDE COMMERCIAL JET FLEET

  28. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF CFIT ACCIDENTS

  29. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO C F I T • AUTOFLIGHT SYSTEM • TRAINING

  30. C F I T PREVENTION • MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE WARNING SYSTEM (MSAWS)

  31. C F I T PREVENTION • MSAWS • CREW BRIEFING • AUTOFLIGHT SYSTEMS • ROUTE & DESTINATION FAMILIARIZATION • ALTITUDE AWARENESS • USE OF CALL OUTS • GPWS WARNING ESCAPE MANEUVER • CHARTS • TRAINING

  32. EXAMPLE CFITTRAINING PROGRAM

  33. ACADEMIC TRAINING PROGRAM

  34. ACADEMIC TRAINING PROGRAM • RECOGNIZE FACTORS THAT LEAD TO CFIT ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS • KNOW PREVENTION STRATEGIES THAT WILL ENSURE SAFE FLIGHT • IMPROVE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TO AVOID CFIT • LEARN ESCAPE MANEUVER AND TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE POSSIBILITY OF SURVIVAL

  35. CFIT SIMULATOR TRAINING PROGRAM

  36. SIMULATOR TRAINING OBJECTIVES • RECOGNIZE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS THAT CAN LEAD TO A CFIT INCIDENT • MAINTAIN PROPER HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS • COMMUNICATE & COORDINATE ON FLIGHT DECK DURING CRITICAL PHASES OF FLIGHT • RECOGNIZE A POTENTIAL CFIT SITUATION AND TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION • GAIN CONFIDENCE IN THE GPWS • PERFORM A SUCCESSFUL CFIT ESCAPE MANEUVER

  37. PILOT SIMULATOR BRIEFING • REVIEW CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND CAUSES • EXPLAIN NEED FOR GOOD FLIGHT CREW COORDINATION • DISCUSS GPWS OPERATING MODES • REVIEW AIRPLANE ESCAPE MANEUVER / PROCEDURE AND PILOT TECHNIQUES • DISCUSS COMMON FLIGHT CREW ERRORS

  38. GENERIC GPWS WARNING ESCAPE MANEUVER • REACT IMMEDIATELY TO A GPWS WARNING • POSITIVELY APPLY MAXIMUM THRUST AND ROTATE TO THE APPROPRIATE PITCH FOR YOUR AEROPLANE • PULL UP WITH WINGS LEVEL TO ENSURE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE • ALWAYS RESPECT STICK SHAKER

  39. GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING MODES (MARK VI)

  40. GPWS MODE 1

  41. GPWS MODE 1

  42. GPWS MODE 2

  43. GPWS MODE 3 Fig.4

  44. GPWS MODE 4

  45. GPWS MODE 4 Fig. 4

  46. GPWS MODE 5

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