Peter P. Zhou, Ph.D EECG Consultants Pty Ltd Box 402339, Gaborone, Botswana pzhou@global.bw

1. Development and Energy in Africa (DEA) projectA CASE STUDY FOR BotswanaRURAL ELECTRIFICATION BY GRID ELECTRIFICATION (REGE) Peter P. Zhou, Ph.D EECG Consultants Pty Ltd Box 402339, Gaborone, Botswana pzhou@global.bw

2. OUTLINE • ABOUT THE CASE STUDY • ABOUT THE STUDY AREA • CASE STUDY SURVEY METHODS • FINDINGS AND LINK TO DEVELOPMENT • LESSONS LEARNT

3. Year Deposit (%) Balance (%) Repayment Period (years) Interest rate % 1990 40 60 10 8 1995 10 90 10 9 1997 (standard costing introduced) 10 90 10 9 2000 5 95 15 Prime+0.5 Table 2 .1Evolutions of the RCS

4. Fig 2.1 Rate of household connections by year for rural and urban households.

5. Fig. 2.2 Graph of electricity connection in rural and urban areas 2

7. Fig 2.4 Elaborated causal chain of the RCS/RE and related sectors in Botswana.

8. STUDY AREA SELECTION CRITERIA • a) Proximity to Gaborone (<100km)-time and resources Constraints; Allow repeated visits to undertake both interviews and focus groups, and also verify information. • b) Many sectors to consider-health, education, agriculture, communications, SMMEs etc). • c) Connected 5 years or more for impacts realization • d) Other such as social setting and influence of past initiatives and environment, leadership etc.

9. MANYANA • Small Vilage of 3183 Population (640 Households) • Infrastructure Developed • Previous Candidate of PV Pilot Project 1992; 3 Village Feasibility Study 1996 • Grid Approach 1994

10. Type of Organization Number Number Electrified Secondary School (Government) 1 1 Primary School (Council) 1 1 Clinic 1 1 Commercial Businesses 13 6 Industries 2 2 Other Government Office=Tribal admin & Customary Court 1 1 Households 637 224 Postal agencies 1 0 Table 3.1 Types of sectors and level of electrification in Manyana Village

11. REGE SITUATION

12. METHDOLOGY • ACOMBINATION- • SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS WITH SECTORAL REPRESENTATIVES, • INFORMAL INTERVIEWS WITH VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE, TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY; • FOCUS GROUPS •  STATISTICAL RECORDS • OBSERVATIONS

13. IMPACT ANALYSIS-Domestic • Unelectrified, Electrified, Electrified With Dish –Income Definition • Electrical Refrigeration, TV, satelite dishes, cellular phones now used! • Food preservation and information flow • Reduced effort in carrying out household chores-cooking, cleaning • Village boasting of having graduates • Access to shops for longer times • Children watching TV instead of studying & also learn bad things • Electrical Appliances attract thieves! • Invitation To Other Govt Offices, INDUTRIES, MALLS Establishing In Vilage Is Calling For Multisectoral Approach

14. IMPACTS-education • Improved quality of teaching using computers, internet and good lighting • Staff -staying for longer • In Primary students using electrified classrooms performing better • Students not taking full advantage of teach facilities now available-chn need encouragement from Primary

15. IMPACTS-health • Better health treatment facilities through • Electrified maternity ward and night emergency attended • New treatment facilities and drugs-Patients -used to travel to other villages for certain treatment • New treatment facilities-asthma, incubators • Attracted staff to village • Electric incinerator for clinical waste • Informed community about harmful diseases • People in village healthier-productive

16. IMPACTS-Commercial • Business stock volumes increased-storage and quality • New products introduced-as a result of refrigeration-MEAT, SOFT DRINKS • Time of operation increased • Increased employment • *create employment, increased income and general development of village • Competition- as similar stocks • Loss of some types of jobs- night watchman • Shops target for thieves

17. IMPACTS-Industry • WELDING AND SEWING STARTED • Need electricity to function-hence • electricity dependent • Products that help residents- burglar bars and gates • Increased employment • Provision of services locally

18. IMPACTS-Institutional • Higher std of service-cases, letters & faxed typed quickly • Would wish all tribal offices could be electrified for better service. • Rural –urban migration curbed

19. FOCUS GROUP • Grid better than PV they experienced- as latter was not available in all weather; not usable for other appliances • Grid electricity many end uses & communication-cell phones now available • Has spared the forest for fuelwood • Electricity better student performance • Small businesses starting from homes-income improvement • Industries starting- products & security • Believe if electricity was subsidized it would better lives of Batswana.

20. CONCLUSIONS • RCS achieving many connections • Baseline and intervention scenarios have been well represented • Utilization of electricity for various end uses evident • Improved quality of life evident • Boosting of business activity evident • Positive Linkages of impacts to MDGs, Vision 2016 and NDP9 evident

21. LESSONS • The Assessment Framework could contribute to energy planning and policy development • Involvement of sectoral stakeholders in planning and M&E imperative • Formation of Multisectoral Task Group imperative • Additional case studies would be useful • Experience of other DEA partners useful.

22. “The poor are bankable, micro insurance is showing that they are insurable as well."