1 / 28

Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12

Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12. Overview. Presentation Topics Review ( Actinopterygian Relationships III) Actinopterygian Relationships IV : Percomorpha. Actinopterygian Relationships. Actinopterygian Relationships. Actinopterygian Relationships.

milla
Download Presentation

Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Actinopterygian Relationships IVBiology of Fishes10.11.12

  2. Overview Presentation Topics Review (Actinopterygian Relationships III) Actinopterygian Relationships IV : Percomorpha

  3. Actinopterygian Relationships

  4. Actinopterygian Relationships

  5. Actinopterygian Relationships • Paracanthopterygii(cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) • Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha(mullets) -Atherinomorpha(silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

  6. Acanthopterygii

  7. Actinopterygian Relationships • Acanthopterygii(spiny-finned fishes) • Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species • Two major synapomorphies • Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla • Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based on new muscle and bone attachments • Ctenoid scales • Physoclistous gas bladder • 2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed) • Pelvic and anal fin spines • Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned

  8. Acanthopterygii

  9. Actinopterygian Relationships • Acanthopterygii(spiny-finned fishes) • Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive habitats of marine and many freshwater environments • Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)

  10. Actinopterygian Relationships pumpkinseed sunfish • Paracanthopterygii(cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives) • Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) - Mugilomorpha(mullets) - Atherinomorpha(silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.) -Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)

  11. Actinopterygian Relationships

  12. Actinopterygian Relationships • Percomorpha(“perch-shaped” fishes) • Most advanced clade of fishes • ~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful freshwater • Primary synapomorphyis anteriorly placed pelvic girdle attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament • Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)

  13. Percomorpha(basal groups) • Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) • Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) • Zeiformes (dories) • Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses) • Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) • Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)

  14. Percomorpha

  15. Percomorpha(basal groups) whalefishes dories squirrelfishes swamp eels scorpionfishes, sculpins seahorses, sticklebacks

  16. Percomorpha • Stephanoberyciformes(whalefishes) • ~75 species • Deepsea marine fishes • Primitive percomorphs, more caudal fin rays (18-19) than other percomorphs (typically 17)

  17. Percomorpha • Beryciformes(squirrelfishes) • ~144 species • Nocturnal marine fishes • Large eyes, head; also primitive caudal fin ray number (18-19) • Includes commercially important orange roughy (mature in 20-30 years, live past 150 years)

  18. Percomorpha • Zeiformes(dories) • ~75 species • Primitive marine percomorphs • Protrusible mouths • Not well-classified in percomorpha based on morphologies

  19. Percomorpha • Gasterosteiformes(sticklebacks, seashorses) • ~280 species, primarily marine, small fishes • Dermal armor plates, small mouths • Sticklebacks very intensely studied (behavior, physiology, ecology, evolution) • Unique reproductive behavior – “pregnant males”

  20. Percomorpha • Synbranchiformes(swamp eels) • ~100 species • Primarily freshwater, eel-like fishes • Air-breathers • Lack most fins, in some cases all fins • Invasive species from pet trade

  21. Percomorpha • Scorpaeniformes(scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives) • ~1500 species, primarily marine fishes • Phylogenetic placement in percomorpha debated • Many lack scales, possess numerous spines • Venomous lionfishes and stonefishes • Freshwater sculpins • Lumpfish (Cyclopterus) is most advanced

  22. Percomorpha(advanced groups) • Perciformes (perch-like fishes) • Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) • Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)

  23. Percomorpha

  24. Percomorpha(advanced groups) Perciformes Pleuronectiformes Tetraodontiformes triggerfish yellow perch ocean sunfish parrotfish flounders & halibuts

  25. Percomorpha • Perciformes(perch-like fishes) • Largest order of vertebrates – 160 families and over 10,000 species; more than 2/3 of all fishes • Rapid evolution ~20 million years • Marine (gobies, wrasses, seabasses) and freshwater success (cichlids, croakers, perches/darters) • Some of the most recognizable fishes

  26. Perciformes

  27. Percomorpha • Pleuronectiformes(flounders, halibuts, relatives) • Asymmetrical morphology – both eyes on one side of head • Teeth, scales, fins, pigmentation differ between sides • Benthic, carnivorous, primarily marine; ~680 species • Important food fishes

  28. Percomorpha • Tetraodontiformes(puffers, triggerfishes, relatives) • “four teeth”; many lack true teeth (possess modified jaw bone) • Most derived fishes, reduced bones, fins, morphology; ~360 species • Trigger mechanism in trigger/filefishes • Cartilaginous elements re-evolved (“come full circle”) • tetraodotoxin

More Related