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Chemistry Atomic Theory

Chemistry Atomic Theory. Matter & Its Classification Do Now – What is an atom? CALCULATORS NOT NEEDED. Chemistry – Back to Basics. In chemistry , we study matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter. We define matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter.

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Chemistry Atomic Theory

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  1. ChemistryAtomic Theory Matter & Its Classification Do Now – What is an atom? CALCULATORS NOT NEEDED

  2. Chemistry – Back to Basics • In chemistry, we study matter and the changes it undergoes.

  3. Matter • We define matter as anything that has mass and takes up space.

  4. Matter • Atoms are the building blocks of matter. • The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. • Each element is made of the same kind of atom. • A compound is made of two or more different kinds of elements.

  5. States of Matter • Solids have definite volume and definite shape. • Liquids have definite volume and indefinite shape. • Gases have indefinite volume and indefinite shape. • Plasmas are superheated and lose most of their electrons (fluorescent lights)

  6. States of Matter

  7. Properties & Changes in Matter • Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance into another substance. • Chemical properties can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance.

  8. Properties & Changes in Matter • Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance present. • Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance present. The ability to eat a giant hamburger depends on the amount of ketchup present.

  9. Properties & Changes in Matter • Physical changes are changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance. • Chemical changes result in new substances.

  10. Physical or Chemical Change? • Tearing a sheet of paper • Melting a piece of wax • Burning a log

  11. Classifying Matter • A pure substance is a single component with unique chemical properties. • Ex. Ethanol, water, any element or compound • A mixture is a blend of two or more components.

  12. Pure Substances • Atoms are the building blocks of matter. • Each element is made of the same kind of atom. • The periodic table lists all of the known elements. • You need to recognize the name/symbol of the 40 most common elements!

  13. Pure Substances • A compound is made of two or more different kinds of elements. • H2O (water) – 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen • NH3 (ammonia) – nitrogen and 3 hydrogen atoms • C12H22O11 – 12 carbon, 22 hydrogen, 11 oxygen atoms • Ca(NO3)2 – 1 calcium, 2 nitrogen, 6 oxygen atoms

  14. Pure Substances Sodium (Na) + chlorine (Cl2)  sodium chloride (NaCl) ELEMENT + ELEMENT  COMPOUND

  15. Mixtures • A mixture can be classified as homogenous or heterogenous.

  16. Mixtures • Homogenous mixtures (solutions) – can not tell components from each other. • Examples: broth, plain yogurt, salt water • Heterogenous mixtures – can tell components apart • Examples: salad, italian salad dressing, oil & vinegar

  17. Separating Mixtures • Distillation uses differences in boiling points to boil and recondense liquids from each other.

  18. Separating Mixtures • Crystallization, or evaporation, removes a liquid in which a solid has dissolved by boiling away the liquid, leaving the solid behind (usually in pretty crystals).

  19. Separating Mixtures • In filtration, solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions.

  20. Separating Mixtures • Chromatography separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility, or ability to dissolve.

  21. Separating Mixtures • A separationfunnel is used when there are two phases (layers) in a liquid mixture • Oil & vinegar make two phases.

  22. Separating Mixtures • Magnets can also separate mixtures, if one component is magnetic (ex: iron) and the others are not.

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