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Cloning. 3 Possible Methods. 1. Use totipotent cells (unspecialized) Can become any type of human cell Can be used to generate an entire organism Example: embryonic stem cells 2. Use Pleuripotent cells (partially specialized) Can become same types of cell
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3 Possible Methods 1. Use totipotent cells (unspecialized) • Can become any type of human cell • Can be used to generate an entire organism Example: embryonic stem cells 2. Use Pleuripotent cells (partially specialized) • Can become same types of cell • These cells (nuclear material) must be “modified” to allow development Example: Fetal stem cells (4-6 week old fetus) Placental/cord blood stem cells Adult stem cells (bone marrow) 3. Use multipotent cells (specialized cells) Example: skin cells, udder cells
*Totipotent PleuripotentMultipotent Unspecialized Specialized Unfertilized Egg (Enucleated) Stem Cell Nucleus of unspecialized cell is put in unfertilized egg Mitosis occurs (must be stimulated by drugs or electric current)
Uses for Cloning • Grow organs to transplant • Treat Genetic Disorders • Agriculture – genetically engineered crops • Bring back endangered species
Clone Mimi the Mouse • Enucleation