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The French Revolution

The French Revolution. Introduction and Context. Jacobin Mobs of the French Revolution What seems revolutionary in this scene?. The Schiller Institute. http://schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/eiw_this_week/nov6_1794.html. Historical Thinking Concepts. Evaluation: Quiz and HTC Portfolio.

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution Introduction and Context Jacobin Mobs of the French Revolution What seems revolutionary in this scene? The Schiller Institute. http://schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/eiw_this_week/nov6_1794.html

  2. Historical Thinking Concepts

  3. Evaluation: Quiz and HTC Portfolio • Quiz: Tuesday Oct. 22 (half period) • “Terms for French Revolution Quiz” • Fill in your sheet as you do the homework (don’t wait until the last night before) • You can bring the sheet into the quiz • HTC Portfolio: PSD (con’t and change [progress and decline, turning points], evidence)

  4. Phases of the French Revolution (Periodization, Pace of Change) • Prelude • Traditional aristocratic rights reasserted vs. royal absolutism • Phase 1, 1789-1791 • Tone: Moderate • Who: Middle class, bourgeoisie (with some street action in Paris) • Form of Gov’t: Constitutional Monarchy

  5. Phases of the French Revolution • Phase 2, 1792-94 • Radical (The Terror- Jacobins under Robespierre) • Peasants and Paris workers (sans culottes) • Foreign Wars • Republic (execution of the king)

  6. Phases of the French Revolution • Phase 3, 1794-95 • Conservative/ Moderate • Napoleon rises out of the Directory • Still a republic but back to conservative/moderate

  7. Enlightenment = Liberal Vs. • France = Absolute Monarchy 4 moderate 5 3 2 6 radical conservative 1 7 Where are enlightened philosophes on this spectrum?

  8. Economic Context France is bankrupt from wars, wars, wars and financial mismanagement

  9. French Burden of Taxation on The Peasants French Peasants must pay… To the Church: • Tithe To the State: • Taille • Vingtieme • Capitation • Gabelle (salt tax) To Seigneur: (feudal lord of his/her parish) • Corvee (cash or kind) • Cens (feudal rent in cash) • Champart (renit in kind) • Lods et ventes ( charge on the transfer of property) • If he doesn’t own land himself, he may have to pay to use the lord’s mill, wine press, or bakery *Note: In France, grain prices increased by 60% between 1730 and 1789

  10. Social Context (and some Economic, too) Remember what Louis XIV did to the nobles?

  11. The Three Estates in France – A Corporatist View of Society parish priests Bourgeoisie = professionals

  12. Conflict… • Three Estates add to financial crisis (First and Second don’t pay taxes!!!!) • Everyone in conflict with Louis XVI, pointing out flaws of absolute monarchy bourgeoisie nobility • Complain about centralization • Re-assert power by claiming law courts have to register the King’s edicts (laws) • Influence of enlightenment/ philosophes makes them critical of absolute monarchy • Want constitutional monarchy Louis XVI

  13. Political Context The way government works (or doesn’t work)

  14. French Institutions of Gov’t Under Absolute Monarchy Where is the only place where the third estate had any influence?

  15. Estates General • A sort of parliament where the three estates get to meet (May 1789) • Haven't met since 1615!!! • Estates vote by order (by estate) despite equal numbers (don’t vote by head - individually) 3 1 2

  16. Estates General Con’t… • Six months pass between the calling and the meeting • Before the meeting each estate of each region of France gets to write its grievances (complaints, criticisms) in the form of Cahiers de Doleances(every estate had complaints, but didn’t agree how to reform government)

  17. Cahiers de Doleances Activity • In pairs read the Cahiers (in handouts) and complete the comparative organizer on Three Estates (in handouts) • You may not have something for every box • Vocab • Edict = rule or law • Deliberation = discussion • Order = estate • Arbitrary = random • Concurrence = agreement • Inherent = built-in, naturally part of

  18. Cahiers Consolidation: Surprise or As Expected? • “since diversity of religious opinions … respectful devotion to the Catholic religion…” ( ) • “the legislative power reside collectively in the hands of the king and the united nation.” () • “every arbitrary order prejudicial to the liberty of citizens be abolished entirely;” () • “no tax be established without the concurrence [agreement] of the legislative power.” () • “tax be borne equally, without distinction, by all class of citizens.” () 10 = surprise, 1 = as expected

  19. Homework • Finish cahiers chart • Read pages 152-162 in the text. Take notes on and fill in quiz sheet for: • causes • National Assembly • Cahiers • Bread Riots • Bastille • Estates General Voting • Abbe Sieyes

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