Solids, Liquids, & Gases

1. Solids, Liquids, & Gases -3 seating arrangements metaphor I. States of Matter A. Solid http://www.hickerphoto.com/iceberg-photo-6044-pictures.htm

2. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter B. Liquid -________ are as _____ _______ as _______ -________ are ____ ________, but can _____ to ______ ________, and are ____ to ____ (_____) -___-_______ _______ _____ of ______ (except _____) -has _______ _______, but __ _______ _____, _______ _____ of ________ http://www.worldofstock.com/closeups/PRE2938.php

3. Solids, Liquids, & Gases I. States of Matter C. Gas -________ are as ___ _____ as _______ -________ are ___ ____ in _____ or ____ _______, but _____ ______, and are ____ to ____ (_____) -_______ _______ _____ of ______ (about ______ ______ of ______ or _____ -__ ________ ______, __ ________ _____, _______ _____ of ________

4. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to _____, ______, called the ____ of ______ must be _______ to ________ _________ between _______ called ____________ ______, which ____ ________ of a _____ _______ and ____ the _______ in _____

5. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to _____, ______, called the ____ of ______ must be _______ so that ________ ____ _____, ______ ____ _____, and _____ ______ _______, so that ____________ ______ can ____ the _______ _______ and ____ the ________ in _____

6. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from _____ to ___, ______, called the ____ of __________ must be _______ to ________ ____________ ______ which ____ ________ of a _____ _______ but __ ___ ____ the _______ in _____

7. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State -in order to undergo a ______ in ____ from ___ to _____, the ____ of ___________ must be _______ so that ________ ____ _____, ______ ____ _____, and _____ ______ _______, so that ____________ ______ can ____ the _______ _______, but ___ ____ the ________ in _____

8. Solids, Liquids, & Gases II. Changes in State -a ______ in _____ _______ from _____ to ___ is called __________, and tends to _____ in _______ with ____ ____ ____________ ______, like __ or ____ -_______ in ____ are _______ _______

9. The Gas Laws I. Kinetic Theory -_________ ________ provides a ______ that explains the properties of ________, _________, and ______ in terms of __________ that are always in ________ and the ________ that exist between them -actual gases don’t always obey, but ___________ the ____________made by the _________ ________

10. The Gas Laws II. Boyle’s Law -the _______ of a gas _________ _________ with the _________, providing the ___________ is held ________ If a sample of Argon gas occupies a volume of 10.0 liters at a pressure of 200 kilopascals, at what pressure would the same sample of gas occupy 5.0 liters, if the temperature remains constant?

11. The Gas Laws II. Boyle’s Law If a sample of Carbon dioxide gas occupies a volume of 35.0 liters at a pressure of 1.10 atmospheres, what volume would the same sample of gas occupy at 1.25 atmospheres, if the temperature remains constant?

12. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law 1. Hypothesis: What is the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas? 2. Prediction: 3. Gather Data: A. Safety: 1. Be careful not to drip or splash hot vegetable oil on yourself. Goggles mandatory, aprons recommended. 2. Capillary tubes break easily. Be cautious of broken, jagged ends.

13. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 1. Assemble thermometer/capillary tube apparatus by carefully wrapping rubber bands around both to hold the capillary tube to the thermometer, arranging the open end toward the bulb of the thermometer, just short of the end.

14. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 2. Immerse the capillary tube on the thermometer completely under the surface of the hot oil bath. Allow the temperature on your thermometer to reach 140°C. Then, lift the thermometer from the oil bath, pausing for 5 seconds to allow oil to rise up into the tube. 3. Carry the tube/thermometer assembly back to your lab table, being careful to catch the drips of hot oil on a paper towel. Lay the thermometer on a sheet of paper towel. Mark the position of the oil plug and the position of the closed end of the capillary tube on the paper towel. Take note of the temperature. As the air in the tube cools, mark

15. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 3. the position of the oil plug as it moves along the tube on thepaper towel. With each mark on the paper towel recording the position of the oil plug, record the temperature at the time the mark was made. Take as many position/temperature readings as possible, until the thermometer reads room temperature (about 23°C). • Measure the lengths of the column of air, and plot vs. temperature on Excel spreadsheet and graph results.

16. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law Temperature (in °C) Length (in mm) 4. Analyze Data:

17. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law Temperature (in °C) Length (in mm) 4. Analyze Data: 5. Draw Conclusions:

18. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law -the _______ of a gas _________ _________ with the ___________, providing the _________ is held ________ If a sample of Chlorine gas occupies a volume of 250 milliliters at a temperature of 22°C, what volume would the same sample of gas occupy at -22°C, if the pressure remains constant?

19. Solids, Liquids, & Gases III. Properties of Fluids A. Behavior of Gases

20. Solids, Liquids, & Gases Dry ice, or solid Carbon dioxide, has a temperature of -109.3°F. What is the equivalent temperature of dry ice in °C? III. Properties of Fluids Liquid Nitrogen has a temperature of -210°C. What is the equivalent temperature of liquid Nitrogen in Kelvin? Liquid Helium, the coldest substance on Earth, has a temperature of -452.2°F. What is the equivalent temperature of liquid Helium in Kelvin?

21. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law -_________ _____ is the _______ possible theoretical temperature, equal to _________, and is the ___________ at which the ________ of a sample of gas is _____, and all ________, __________ movement of particles ________ -the coldest _______ temperature is _______, or _________, the temperature of ______ _______

22. The Gas Laws III. Charles’s Law If a sample of methane gas occupies a volume of 14.75 liters at a temperature of 68°F, at what temperature, in °F, would the same sample of gas occupy 16.00 liters, if the pressure remains constant?

23. The Gas Laws IV. Gay-Lussac’s Law -the _______ of a gas _________ _________ with the ___________, providing the _________ is held ________ If the pressure in a propane tank is 965 mm Hg at a temperature of 25°C, what would the pressure in the tank be at 50°C, if the volume remains constant?

24. The Gas Laws IV. Gay-Lussac’s Law If the air pressure in an autoclave is 833 torr at a temperature of 212°F, at what temperature, in °F, would the air pressure be 900 torr, if the volume remains constant?

25. The Gas Laws V. Combined Gas Law -the _______ of a gas is _________ proportional to ________ and directly proportional to ___________, and ________ is __________ proportional to ____________ If the volume of a sample of Hydrogen sulfide gas is 2.00 liters at a pressure of 110 kilopascals and a temperature of 30.0°C, what is the volume of the same sample of Hydrogen sulfide, in liters, at a temperature of 80.0°C and a pressure of 440 kilopascals?

26. The Gas Laws V. Combined Gas Law If a Helium-filled balloon at sea level has a volume of 2.1 liters at a pressure of 0.998 atmospheres and a temperature of 36°C, and it is released and rises to an elevation at which the temperature is 28°C and the pressure is 0.900 atmospheres, what will be the new volume of the balloon?