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National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007

National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007. Expansion. * Create more Universities ( 1500 by 2015 ) * New Regulatory Body (Oversee UGC, AICT, MCI, BAR Council ……..)

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National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007

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  1. National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007 Expansion • * Create more Universities (1500 by 2015) • * New Regulatory Body (Oversee UGC, AICT, MCI, • BAR Council ……..) • * Increase Public Spending (1.5 % GDP / 6 % ) • * 50 National Universities Higher Education Education Sector

  2. National Knowledge Commission Recommendations on Higher Education 2007 Excellence • * Reform Existing Universities • * Restructure Undergraduate Colleges: Autonomous • Clusters • * Promote Enhanced Quality: Student Choices, Teacher • Evaluation • * Salary Differentials

  3. Inclusion * Ensure access for all deserving students: (Needs – Blind admission) National Scholarship Scheme Affirmative Action: * Reservation * Use of Deprivation Index Action * Reforms within Existing Systems * Changes in Government Policies * Amendments / New Statutes or Legislation

  4. Challenges in Creating World Class Educational (Research) Institutions • Enabling role of Government • Organizational Imperatives • Role of Academic Leadership • Academic and Infrastructure Enablers to Identify • and Foster Talent • Governing Mechanisms • Funding • Indian Experience Higher Education : Public or private ? Research : Public Funding

  5. Higher Education and Research in India • Universities: Calcutta, Bombay, Madras • Training of graduates for government service • 1876 Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta • Mahendralal Sircar (Father LaFont) • 1913: C.V.Raman, 1928: Raman Effect • J.N.Tata Endowment (Rs. 30, 00, 000) • Request to government: £ 5000per year • Curzon on the Tata Scheme (1901): “…..appears to have no • relation either to charity, or to suffering or to the Queen or • to 300 million of India.” • Deepak Kumar, Ind. J. Hist. Sci., 19, 253-260 (1984) • 1909 Vesting order for establishing Indian Institute of Science

  6. Indian Institutes of Management (IIM) • Student Selection • Placement Performance • Alumni • Industry - Interface Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) • Student Selection • Undergraduate Engineering Education • Post-graduate Teaching / Research • Alumni ……. “ Brand Equity” • IIT Review 2004 Indian Institute of Science (IISc) • Post-graduate Teaching / Research • Science and Engineering • Faculty Research Emphasis / PhD degrees • Life Sciences Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) – Pune / Kolkata…. Undergraduate Science Education in a Research Ambience

  7. Affiliated College: Undergraduate teaching Autonomous College: Undergraduate and Postgraduate teaching University: Affiliation centre Postgraduate teaching Research Research Institutions: Postgraduate teaching Research National Laboratories:Research (CSIR, DAE, ICMR, ICAR…) Deemed Universities: Degree granting device Deemed and Customized Universities: Dept. Atomic Energy (DAE), Dept. of Space, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

  8. Models • Research Universities • Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, Cambridge, Oxford ………. • Faculty and Student Scholarship • Indian Models • Kolkata, Madras, Delhi, Banaras, Allahabad …….. • Pre-independence :Primarily Teaching • Post-independence : • 1950s – 1960s ---- Surge of Research • 1970s ---- Accelerating Decay of Research • Specialist Institutions versus the Broad – Based Institutions • Smallor Large ??

  9. Creating an Ambience • Governance • - Institution Building • - Consolidation • - Expansion / Modernization • Faculty / Student Performance • - Evaluation • - Carrot and Stick (Tenure and Rewards) • Research Facilities • - Funding • - Development Corpus • Promoting Scholarship • - Academic Debate • - Participatory Governance • - Interdisciplinary Dialogue

  10. Parameters of Institutional Performance • Students Trained / Degrees Awarded • Performance of Alumni • Research Papers Published • Impact • Intellectual Property • Patents / Technology Transfer • Licensing / Royalty Income • Resources Generated • Magnitude of Corpus The Role of Private Philanthropy Public – Private Partnership

  11. Tata’s request (1899) £ 5000 per year Curzon’s response (1901) “....Tata entirely owes it to me that he gets anything; and if he is not wise enough to accept it, I am ready to drop the whole thing tomorrow.” Deepak Kumar, Ind. J. Hist. Sci., 19, 253-260 (1984)

  12. Research and Higher Education : Indian Challenges Science Engineering Medicine Scientific Research “Science” Humanities, Social Sciences, Economics and Management Fragmentation Vs Integration

  13. SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Scientists as Inventors “Often considered distinct, engineering and science are frequently difficult to distinguish” Henry Petroski, American Scientist, 2008, Vol 96, 368. “The scientist seeks to understand what is : the engineer seeks to create what never was” Theodore von Karman

  14. Discovery : Penicillin Invention : Light Bulb Relativity Innovation : Retail Store

  15. Ideas Translation Development Marketable Product “ Success in the laboratory does not always translate into success in the market place “

  16. 1997

  17. Average Academic and Industrial R & D Fundamental Research Edison Use Inspired Research Pasteur's Quadrant Bohr Pasteur

  18. Extending Stokes Diagram IDEAL Financial Resources Administrative flexibility

  19. “Restructuring Indian Universities: Renewed Focus on the Research” or “Reforming Indian Universities: Triad of Universities, Research Institutes and Industries” Restructuring: “Perestroika” (“Glasnost”) Reform: “Paradigm Shift”

  20. TEACHING Undergraduate Postgraduate RESEARCH

  21. Segregating Disciplines Humanities Social Sciences Science Engineering Agriculture Law Medicine The diminishing core of universities

  22. Pathways for Directed Evolution Research Teaching Academic Space IDEAL UNIVERSITIES MOST INSTITUTIONS

  23. Pathways for Reform B D _ Barrier height Constant ~e Rate of Transformation Dangers of Reversibility A D BARRIER A C

  24. BARRIER Transformation (Reform, Restructuring) Factors contributing to barrier height : * Academic Faculty * Administrative Structure * Public Will / Political Ambience

  25. Issues Faculty / Students : Recruitment Regional / National Resources : State / Central Governance : Autonomy Academic Responsibility

  26. Those who can teach, should Editorial, Nature Chemical Biology, Dec 2007, 737 Universities :Teaching without Research National Laboratories:Research without Teaching Role of Research Projects in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education: Writing and Communication Skills

  27. “ He who can, does; and he who cannot, teaches” George Bernard Shaw on creative work “ Contrary to popular opinion, it is not usually the equations which need to be understood for the effective communication of science, it is the words. Literacy is important as well as being the door to the world of literature; why is it not taught to graduate students ?” George Batchelor, Research as a life style, Applied Mechanics Reviews, 50, R11, 1997

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