A tour in London

1. A tour in London By Braschi Federica, Martino Maria Laura, Nuzzo Giulia e Marinelli Giulia

2. Our themes • Federica: The flag, driving on the left, The LondonEye, Buckingam Palace; • Maria Laura: The Big Ben, Piccadilly Circus, Harrods, The Westmister Abbey • Giulia N. : Map of Monuments and Underground, The London Bridge and the Beatles • Giulia M: Food, Studios of Harry Potter, Double Decker and the BritishMuseum

3. THE FLAG The flag of UK is called «union flag» and is formed by The flag of «St. Andrew’s Cross», «St. George’s Cross», «St. Patrick’s Cross» and the «Red Dragon».

4. DOUBLEDECKER London's iconic double-decker buses are a quick, convenient and cheap way to travel around the city, with plenty of sightseeing opportunities along the way. The majority of buses in London are still red and therefore the red double-decker bus remains a widely recognized symbol of the city. Buses have been used on the streets of London since 1829, when George Shillibeer started operating his horse drawn omnibus service from Paddington to the city. In 1850 Thomas Tillingstarted the horse bus services, and in 1855 the London General Omnibus Company or LGOC was founded to amalgamate and regulate the horse-drawn omnibus services then operating in London.

5. DOUBLE DECKER 2/2 In 1912 LGOC became part of the Underground Group, uniting bus services and the underground railway. A roundel symbol which combined the LGOC’s ‘winged wheel’ and the Underground’s ‘bar and circle’ was introduced on maps and used as the company logo. This symbol was designed to help passengers distinguish travel information from commercial advertising.

6. Harrods is a luxury department store with items, clothing and exclusive services. It is located in one of the most affluent areas of London. Thanks to the work of Charles Hanry Harrods and his son, after some years it was expanded and has started incorporated the nearby shops until the construction of the current building. Today Harrods is a worldwide know shop.

7. UNDERGROUND’S MAP Londonis also famous for his underground:

8. DRIVING ON THE LEFT A particurality of England is the driving on the left even if England wasn’t the one wich changed the driver’s side, but they remaining 70% of the world!

9. FOOD 1/2 UK was known for bland cooking, boiled vegetables and fried food. Fortunately, all that has changed as in recent years for two reasons: a new tendency towards the healthy eating (such as Vegetarian and Vegan or Organic Food); the new influence due to immigration and the opening of many international restaurants. As for the local specialties you can find: excellent fresh fish and seafood such as Smoked salmon or mussels; beef steak and lamb are top quality UK cheeses are a great specialty too, such as Stilton, Cheddar and ShropshireBlue

10. FOOD 2/2 TRADITIONAL MEALS are: English breakfast made up of bacon, sausages, scrambled or fried eggs, toast, tomatoes, baked beans and mushrooms, porridge or even muesli and yogurt, fresh fruit salad or pancakes and kippers (which are smoked herring) Sunday roast: that is the traditional Sunday meal made up of beef, pork, chicken or lamb with mint sausage or currant jelly with roast potatoes and vegetables. Fish and chips: generally they eat white fish, such as haddock, cooked in butter and served with chips (French fries) and mushy peas. Trifle which is a cold dessert of sponge cake and fruit (especially raspberry) covered with layers of custard, jelly, and cream

11. THE AFTERNOON TEA The Afternoon tea, is a relatively new tradition; it was born in 3000 BC in China, but it was popularized in England during the 1660s by King Charles II and his wife, but only in the middle 19th century the concept of ‘afternoon tea’ appeared, and it was introduced by Anna, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, in the year 1840. The Duchess would become hungry around four o'clock in the afternoon and asked that a tray of tea, bread and butter and cake be brought to her room during the late afternoon. This became a habit of hers and she began inviting friends to join her. This pause for tea became a fashionable social event.

12. MAP OF MONUMENTS

13. BIG BEN Big Ben is the nickname for Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is officially known as Elizabeth Tower, renamed to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012; previously it was know simply as the Clock Tower. The tower holds the second largest four-faced chiming clock in the world (after Minneapolis City Hall). The tower was completed in 1859 and had its 150° anniversy on 31may 2009, during wich celebratory events took places. The tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of the UK.

14. TOWER BRIDGE Tower Bridge, the beautiful drawbridge built in the Gothic Revival style in front of theTower of London, is one of London landmarks, it is second only to Big Ben. The construction of the Tower Bridge, which began in 1886 on a project by Horace Jones and Wolfe Barry, took 8 years of work. Today this wonderful drawbridge is still functioning thanks to electrical mechanism but once the bridge was controlled by an ingenious operating steam engine until 1976. The Victoria Engine Rooms are part of the museum of the Tower Bridge. This is the most beautiful and famuos bridge in the world. Tower Bridge connects the two banks of the Thames with Tower of London on the one hand and HMS (the military cruiser in service until 1952 who also participated in the Normandy landings) on the other.

15. LONDON EYE The London eye, also known as the millennium wheel is an observation wheel situated on the south bank of the Thames. Its official name was originally the Brithish Airways London Eye and then the Merlin Entertainments London Eye,London Eye and Energy and now Coca- Cola London Eye: in fact since January 2015 is sponsored by Coca-Cola. Its construction began in 1998 and ended on March 9th 2000. With its 135 meters it was the tallest ferries wheel in the world until the construction of another. It is the tallest ferries wheel in Europe and has ofeered the highest vantage point of the city of London until over taken by the Shard (245 meters). Open to the public from Feb 2013 the London Eye has become the most popular payed attraction in the UK with 3.5 millions of visitors per year. Besides that every New Year’s Eve at the stroke of midnight from the wheel are shooting the traditional fireworks of the British Capital.

16. BUCKINGAM PALACE Buckingam Palace, located in the center of London, is the official residence of the sovereign of the UK. The expression Buckingam Palace has become common to express everything that concerts the court’s environments and the royal family. Besides being the official residence of the Queen, Buckingam Palace is the place where numerous public ceremonies take placeand is also a significant tourist attraction. It has always been a reference point for his subjects, in the joyful and sad moment of UK history.

17. WESTMISTER ABBEY Westminster Abbey is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the UK’s most important religious building and the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, but it had the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. According to a tradition a church was founded at the site in the 7th century, while the construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. Since 1066 the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there.

18. BRITISH MUSEUM The British Museum is one of the largest and most important museums in the world. It was founded in 1753 by Sir Hans Sloane, a physician and scientist who collected many works from the library of Montague House in London. The museum holds about 8 millions of objects about the history and the humanity culture from the origins till today. It is in Great Russell Street, London. Sir Hans Sloane, an English doctor and naturalist, was its founder. He collected many strange and curious things during his life and, in order to not lose everything after his death in 1753, he decided to leave everything to King George II, who combined more libraries, such as the Cottonian (created in the Elisabethan Age) and the Harleiana from the Oxford Earls to the Sloane’s collection. In Sloane’s collection there were many things, such as printed books, manuscripts and a large collection of natural history things and dried plants, prints, and drawings coming from the ancient Egypt Greece and Rome or Far East and America and Asia. Later the King added an extra library: The Royal Library. So the British Museum was made up of 4 libraries and was the first new museum, not ecclesiastic or royal one, but a free public opened museum. It became the national library.

19. PICCADILLY CIRCUS Piccadilly Circus is a road junctiun and a public space of London’s West End in the city of Westmister. It was built in 1819 to connect Regant Street with Piccadilly. In this context, a Circus, from the latin world mining «circlo», is a round open space at a street junction. Piccadilly now links directly to the theatres on Shaftesbury Avenue, as well as the Haymarket, Coventry Street, and Glasshouse Street. The Circus is close to major shopping and entertainment areas in the West End.

20. STUDIOS HARRY POTTER The park is in the sets used during the all the films of the Harry Potter saga, it is a sort of Disneyland dedicated to Harry Potter, where you can visit his world by a tour behind the scenes at Warner Bros Studios in London. At the studios you can walk along the sets of the Ministry of Magic and Diagon Alley full of the familiar stores such as Gringotts Wizarding Bank. Here you can see the crazy costumes, accessories and more and you can take pictures near the 9 ¾ rail and go up the original "Hogwarts Express". In the studios you can listen to information about special effects and animations which animated the witchcraft, as the great Hall of the Wizarding School, the Dumbledore's or Umbridge’s office.

21. THE BEATLES 1/2 The story of the Beatles goes from 1962 to 1969, the year of the dissolution of the group. The beatles name is very similiar to the English word BEETLE, which means «cockroach»,the term beatles Beat also contains the word meaning «pulse» and which identifies the basic elemente of the music of the ‘60s. The historical formation was made up as follows: John Lennon George Harrison Paul McCartney Ringo Starr The city of the Beatles origin is Liverpool: it is here that John, Paul and George are known. John, Paul and George were friends: they sounded in their free time from study and began performing in dance clubs. 1962 is the decisive year: the three met Richard Starkey nicknamed Ringo (from ring because he has the habit of wearing several rings on both hands) the Beatles adopt a distinctive look and very original: the hairstyles to «bob» and a classic sophisticated clothing.

22. THE BEATLES 2/2 Their music is new and meets the tastes of the younger generation: the raw lyrics are simple and mostly speak of love, they are pleasant to listen to. Abbey Road and Let It Be album are the latest productions of the group disbanded in 1969. The murder of John Lennon by the hands of a deranged, in 1980 has definitely ruled out the possibility of a reconstruction of the quartet. The Parlophone signed their first contract in October 1962 and issued the first record «love me do» reaching the top charts. Later many songs of theirs became some international successes: I love you, Please Please Me, Help, Ticket to ride, Daytripper, Yesterday, Michelle, etc. The popularity of the four cockroches became so great that the Queen Elizabeth II gave them a recognition, the title of barons .

23. THE FAB 4 THANKS