CAWSES: Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System

1. CAWSES: Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System Sunanda Basu, Boston University Chair, Science Steering Committee, CAWSES Toulouse, France July 23, 2005

2. CAWSES Scientific Steering Group • Chair: Sunanda Basu, BU, USA • Jean-Louis Bougeret, CNRS, France • Joanna Haigh, Imperial College, UK • Yohsuke Kamide, STEL, Japan • Arthur Richmond, NCAR, USA • C.-H. Liu, NCU, Taiwan • Lev Zelenyi, IKI, Russia • D. Pallamraju, Scientific Coordinator • L. Walsh, Program Admin.

3. Four Themes under CAWSES • Solar Influence on Climate • Space Weather: Science and Applications Atmospheric Coupling Processes • Climatology of the Sun-Earth System

4. Theme 1:Solar Influence on Climate Co-Chairs: Michael Lockwood (UK) and Lesley Gray (UK) WG 1.1: Assessment of Evidence for Solar Influence on Climate: Juerg Beer (Switzerland), Lon Hood (USA), Judith Lean (USA), Augusto Mangini (Germany), Roddam Narasimha (India), Gerry North (USA), Ilya Usoskin (Finland), Warren White (USA). WG 1.2: Investigation of Mechanisms for Solar Influence on Climate: Ulrich Cubasch (Germany), R. Garcia (USA), Kuni Kodera (Japan), Jon Kristjansson (Norway), R. Bradley (USA).

5. Theme 2:Space Weather Science & Applications Co-Chairs: Janet Kozyra (USA) and Kazunari Shibata (Japan) Overview Theme2 Panel: Sun-to-Earth System Science Santimay Basu (USA), Walter Gonzalez (Brazil), Anatoly Petrukovich (Russia), Rainer Schwenn (Germany), Wei Feng Si (China) and R. Sridharan (India), Working Group Leaders Working Group on Enhanced Resolution Worldwide GPS TEC Maps: Anthea Coster (USA), M. Hernandez Pajares (Spain), WG Leaders Working Group on CAWSES/IAGA/GEM World Magnetospheric Observations: Ian Mann (Canada), WG Leader Working Group on Solar Observations: Nat Gopalswamy (USA), WG Leader Working Groups in Planning Stages Subgroup on Continuous Solar H alpha Observations: H. Kurokawa (Japan) Working Group on Worldwide Space Weather Applications: TBD Working Group on Models, Simulations and Data Assimilation: S. T. Wu (USA) Working Group on Worldwide Coordinated Data Analysis: TBD

6. Theme 3:Atmospheric Coupling Processes Co-Chairs: Franz-Josef Luebken (Germany) and Joan Alexander (USA) WG 3.1: Dynamical Coupling and its Role in the Energy and Momentum Budget of the Middle Atmosphere Martin Mlynczak (USA), William Ward (Canada), David Fritts (USA), Nikolai Gavrilov (Russia), S. Gurubaran (India), Maura Hagan (USA), Alan Manson (Canada), Dora Pancheva (UK), Kauro Sato (Japan), Kazuo Shiokawa (Japan), Hisao Takahashi (Brazil), Robert Vincent (Australia) and Yi Fan (China) WG 3.2: Coupling via Photochemical Effects on Particles and Minor Constituents in the Upper Atmosphere Martin Dameris (Germany), Charles Jackman (USA), Ulf Hoppe (Norway), Manuel Lopez-Puertas (Spain), Daniel Marsh (USA), James Russell (USA), and David Siskind (USA) WG 3.3: Coupling by Electrodynamics including Ionospheric Magnetospheric Processes Gang Lu (USA), M. Yamamoto (Japan), Steve Cummer (USA), Peter L. Dyson (Australia), Inez S. Batista (Brazil), Archana Bhattacharya (India), Martin Fullekrug (Germany), and Roland Tsunoda (USA) WG 3.4: Long-Term Trends in Coupling Processes (inter-connected with 4.4)

7. Theme 4:Space Climatology Co-Chairs: Claus Froehlich (Switzerland) and Jan Sojka (USA) WG 4.1: Solar Irradiance Variability Judit Pap (USA) and Gerard Thuillier (France) WG 4.2: Heliosphere Near Earth Leif Svalgaard (USA) WG 4.3: Radiation Belt Climatology Takahiro Obara (Japan) WG 4.4: Long-Term trends in Ionospheric and Upper-Atmospheric Variability (inter-connected with 3.4) M. Jarvis (UK) and John Emmert (USA) Rashid Akmaev (USA), Gufran Beig (India), Gary Burns (Australia), Jorge Chau (Peru), Alexi Danilov (Russia), Rick Niciejewski (USA), Henry Rishbeth (UK), T. Ulich (Finland) and J. Lastovicka (Czech)

8. Capacity Building & EducationCo-Chairs: Marv Geller,S. T. Wuand Joe Allen • CAWSES will hold meetings and provide specialized training courses for scientists from developing nations and help with computational and data resources • Establish partnerships between developing & industrialized nations • CAWSES – AOPR Center in Taipei will facilitate such activities

9. Capacity Building Activities • SCOSTEP/CAWSES funds have been used to support graduate student attendance: • CAWSES Workshop at Taipei, May 05 • Solar Variability Workshop at Rome, June 05 • Two IAGA Sessions on A-I-M Coupling and Long-term Trends, July 05 • Proposal submitted to ICTP for School on Solar Variability and Earth’s Atmosphere in 2006 with Professors Jeff Forbes and Sunanda Basu, Co-Directors • Proposal approved if combined with COST 724 on Space Weather (PI: Jean Lilensten)

10. Busy first year for CAWSES • CAWSES Office established at Boston University, Jan 16, 2004, Webpage URL http://www.bu.edu/cawses • D. Pallamraju (Raju) appointed Scientific Coordinator • Two Newsletters published in March and Sept, 2004 • Many Working Group members have been chosen • First CAWSES Campaign organized in March -April, 2004 in conjunction with CPEA Campaign – data analysis continues • Many CAWSES presentations given - including ILWS Meetings in Banff and Paris - shown on world map • Special all-day CAWSES Meeting held at Observatoire de Paris, July 17, 2004 • Solar Irradiance Variability Session at COSPAR, 2004 • Atmospheric Coupling Group Meeting on July 22, 2004 at COSPAR • CAWSES SW Workshop in Beijing, September 11-12, 2004

11. Around the World for CAWSESin 2004-05

12. CAWSES – National and Regional Programs • CAWSES-India has been approved by ISRO • Workshop held in April, 2004 • CAWSES has been approved as a priority program by DFG in Germany • CAWSES-Japan had its inaugural Workshop near Nagoya, Japan, June 16-18, 2004 • CAWSES-AOPR (Asia Oceania and Pacific Rim) Center discussed in Taipei on June 18, 2004 • AOPR Center established at National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan on July 1, 2004 with Lou Lee as Director & S-Y Su as Sci. Secy. • CAWSES-US Workshop held on June 29, 2004 at CEDAR Meeting in Santa Fe to discuss campaign results

13. First CAWSES Handbook Published • Proceedings of the Yuri Galperin Memorial Meeting, Moscow, Russia, Feb 3-7, 2003, Editors, L. Zelenyi, M. A. Geller, and J. H. Allen • Yuri Galperin was member of SCOSTEP Bureau from 1997-2001 • 62 papers by 143 authors • Publication funded by NASA

14. Continuing Progress in 2005 • US NSF has funded the CAWSES Office at BU for 2005-07 on the basis of peer-reviewed proposal • German Science Foundation (DFG) has funded CAWSES as a priority program for 2005-11 with first year funding of 3 Million Euros covering 18 Institutions • JSPS has funded “Basic Study of Space Weather” at $800K/year for 5 years with K. Shibata as PI • CAWSES-India has funded 13 projects for Rs. 10 Million • Third issue of CAWSES News published in Mar 05 • Paper on CAWSES presented at ILWS, Paris in July 04 to be published in Adv. of Space Research • Presentation to SCOSTEP Bureau in Taipei, May 11, 05 • General Planning Meeting at Toulouse on July 23, 05 • Association Lecture on CAWSES at IAGA, July 27, 05 • URSI General Lecture on Extreme S-T Events, Oct, 05

15. Science Plans & Activities for Different Themes – Theme 1 • Team Meeting on Influence of Solar Variability (Lesley Gray, PI) held at ISSI, Bern, June 6-10, 2005 • Review observational evidence for impacts of solar variations on climate and weather • Assess mechanisms for transfer and amplification of solar variations by the atmosphere • One or more review papers are expected as the outcome

16. Themes 2 and 3 Joint Activity: 1st CAWSES Campaign Purpose to investigate: • Space Weather Sun-to-Earth (27 March - 6 April 2004) • Collect a sun-to-Earth data set which includes the lower atmosphere • Provide first testbed for CAWSES worldwide maps - new international research tools. • Equinox State of the Middle Atmosphere & Coupling between Atmospheric Regions (March - April 2004) • By collecting worldwide information on the equinox middle atmosphere. • By serving as test bed (where possible) for global integrated maps of middle atmosphere parameters - (i.e., gravity waves, temperature, winds, etc).

17. CAWSES World Maps - New International Research Tools First Results: • CAWSES Hi-Res GPS TEC World Maps [Leads: Anthea Coster (USA) & M. Hernandez Pajares (Spain)] • CAWSES/GAIM Assimilative Worldwide Maps of the Ionosphere [Lead: Jan Sojka, Utah State University] • CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Worldwide ULF Wave Parameters [Leads: Ian Mann, Paul Loto’aniu, University of Alberta, CA]

18. Future Plans – to come! • Two virtual worldwide poster sessions in planning for the analysis of the 1st CAWSES campaign • Data exchange • Science issues raised by the data • 30 day campaign in September 2005 • All 8 worldwide ISR radars will operate on best effort basis • Investigate global ionospheric variability • Special focus on modeling of this variability • Extend observations sun-to-Earth to look at solar drivers and geospace responses • Collaborate, if possible, with CPEA again

19. New Theme 3 Projects • Planetary and gravity wave influence on winter polar vortices – A. Manson • Global observing campaign to characterize tides from troposphere - thermosphere – W. Ward • Gravity waves and turbulence – D. Fritts • Solar influence on minor constituents & layers at the extra-tropical summer mesopause – F.-J. Luebken, U.-P. Hoppe, S. Bailey • Ozone: how well do we understand it? – M. Mlynczak • Coupling processes in the equatorial atmosphere (CPEA) – M. Yamamoto • Magnetosphere-ionosphere electrodynamic coupling – G. Lu

20. Theme 4 Activities • WG 4.1 (J.Pap & G. Thuillier) – Special CAWSES session at “Solar Variability and Climate” Meeting in Rome, June 27-July 2, 2005 to consider: • Possible secular change in TSI over 30 years • Role of solar variability in climate change • Solar feature recognition • Establish best archival data products for the community

21. Theme 4 Activities (continued) • WG 4.3 (T. Obara) – Radiation Belt Climatology • Climatology of radiation belts and impact of extreme events • Compile long-term database over four decades • Create next generation radiation belt model based on improved knowledge of climatology. • WG 4.4 (M. Jarvis and J. Emmert) -Climatological variations of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere • Scope and mission document formulated • Determination of long-term trends in climatology is of high priority • Sessions at AGU Spring Meeting and IAGA to address the topic of “Long-term trends”

22. CAWSES Workshop at Taipei • Very successful CAWSES Workshop held with ISEA, Taipei on May 14, 2005 • Approximately 70 scientists attended the full-day Workshop ( 5 graduate students from developing countries were supported by CAWSES for attending this Workshop) • Discussions on ITM observations during space weather (25 March - 6 April) & atmospheric coupling or CPEA (March - April 2004) portions of the first CAWSES campaign

23. I*Y 2007 – Celebrations of IGY + 50 • IPY - The International Polar Year concentrates its attention on the high latitude zones of Earth. • IHY - The International Heliophysical Year expands the frontier of the IGY to the boundary of the heliosphere with a focus on fundamental processes. • eGY - The Electronic Geophysical Year is a cross-cutting program aimed at the development of optimized and interoperable data and processing systems that can serve the needs of an interdisciplinary research environment.

24. Value of CAWSES to IPY, IHY & eGY • Progressively develop a set of new international data analysis tools • Valuable asset for space research • Combined with satellite data they give new ways of investigating important science questions • Lasting legacy after I*Y celebrations • Collect & preserve comprehensive sets of international sun-to-Earth observations • Valuable for developing assimilative space weather models • Important for testing understanding and predictive capabilities of sun-to-Earth models • Worldwide resource for sun-Earth system science during and after I*Y • Build up an international community familiar with campaign tools & collaborative analysis ready to participate in the I*Y • Help refine science questions and needs for worldwide campaigns over the next 2 years in preparation for the I*Y celebration.

25. Planned Meetings in 2006 • Major Event is STP – 11 in Rio de Janeiro, March 6-10, 2006: Marv Geller, organizer • Special CAWSES session at EGU Meeting, Vienna, Austria, April, 2006: F-J Luebken, organizer • Workshop on Ice Layers in the Mesosphere, Spring 2006, F-J Luebken, organizer • COSPAR, Beijing, July 06 ?