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Lecture 2: Anarchist Theories of Art and Action

Lecture 2: Anarchist Theories of Art and Action. Dr Jessica Wardhaugh. Lecture plan. Introduction I. Contexts The revolutionary legacy The artist as social critic II. Case studies Art social Anarchist attacks in Paris. The French revolutionary legacy. 1789: First Republic

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Lecture 2: Anarchist Theories of Art and Action

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  1. Lecture 2: Anarchist Theories of Art and Action Dr Jessica Wardhaugh

  2. Lecture plan • Introduction • I. Contexts • The revolutionary legacy • The artist as social critic • II. Case studies • Art social • Anarchist attacks in Paris

  3. The French revolutionary legacy • 1789: First Republic • 1799: Napoleon I’s coup (First Consul, Life Consul, Emperor) • 1814–5: Restored Bourbon monarchy (Charles X) • 1830: Revolution, replacing the Bourbons with the Orleanist Louis-Philippe • 1848: Revolution and Second Republic (Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte president by December) • 1851: Louis-Napoleon’s coup d’état • 1852: Second Empire • 1870: Second Empire collapses, Third Republic formed (constitution 1875) • 1870–1: Paris Commune

  4. Jules Bonnassies, 1872 • ‘Depuis qu’il existe, le monde est, malgré de nombreux et longs tâtonnements, malgré d’horribles secousses et des alternatives de clartés et de ténèbres, dans l’enfantement de la République. C’est le régime définitif des sociétés, parce qu’il est le seul logique, le seul qui implique le progrès sans recul, la vérité, la justice, la moralisation. Voici la troisième fois que, depuis un siècle, notre pays l’acclame. En dépit des catastrophes, de l’ignorance, des préjugés, de l’égoïsme, de la corruption, de la calomnie, en dépit, ajoutons-le, de la légèreté français, il la gardera. Toute la partie honnête et sensée du peuple est convaincue de la nécessité de son triomphe…’

  5. EdouardManet, Le déjeunersurl’herbe(1863)

  6. TJ Clark, The Painting of Modern Life (1984) (1999 introduction) ‘What matters is whether aesthetic orders have anything vital to tell us about bourgeois society (and therefore about bourgeois society’s ending.’

  7. Camille Pissarro, The Uprising

  8. Art Social (first issue Nov 1891) • Founded by EugèneChâtelain and Gabriel de la Salle • Opposed republican institutions and bourgeois capitalist society • Contended that art should be a tool of social transformation and revolution • Offered reviews, poetry, literary and political articles…

  9. Théâtred’Art Social, March 1893 • Two one-act plays: • La Cloche de Caïn (AugusteLinert) • Le Baiser de la Chimère (Jean Richepin) • And an epilogue: • Ave, Libertas (Gabriel de la Salle)

  10. EugèneThebault, Art Social, April 1893 • ‘Le régime anarchique ne peut convenir qu’à un peuple d’oisifs, cultivés, énergiques et curieux avant tout d’entraînement cérébral, exempts des préjugés courants de patriotisme, de famille, de devoir, de travail…’

  11. Anarchist-terrorists • Ravachol (various attacks) • AugusteVaillant (bomb in the Chamber of Deputies, December 1893) • Emile Henry (bomb in the Café Terminus, February 1894) • Santo Geronimo Caserio (assassination of President Sadi Carnot in Lyons, July 1894)

  12. Laurent Tailhade: provocative response to anarchist attack by Vaillant ‘Qu’importesi les vaguesd’humanitédisparaissent, si le gesteest beau?’ (Tailhade himself was later injured in an anarchist attack…)

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