A Society Gone with the Wind… Antebellum Southern Society

1. A Society Gone with the Wind…Antebellum Southern Society Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered. A Civilization gone with the wind... Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind

2. Previously • What is transcendentalism? • Who is Emerson? • Thoreau? • Name a prominent negative writer • Why were historians in the NE? • What is the effect? • Who was Stephen Foster? • Who was Horace Mann? • What is the difference between temperance and teetolism? • Who was Dorothea Dix? • What is Jacksonian Democracy? • What did Eli Whitney invent?

3. Primary Source DailyDorothea Dix, Memorial to the legislature of Massachusetts • I come to present the strong claims of suffering humanity. I come to place before the Legislature of Massachusetts the condition of the miserable, the desolate, the outcast. I come as the advocate of helpless, forgotten, insane and idiotic men and women; of beings, sunk to a condition from which the most unconcerned would start with real horror; of beings wretched in our Prisons, and more wretched in our Alms-Houses. And I cannot suppose it needful to employ earnest persuasion, or stubborn argument, in order to arrest and fix attention upon a subject, only the more strongly pressing in its claims, because it is revolting and disgusting in its details.

4. What we’re Talking About Today • Point out the economic strengths and weaknesses of the “Cotton Kingdom.” • Describe the lives of non-slaveholding whites and their attitude toward slavery. • Describe the lives of freed blacks

5. Effects of Cotton Gin • Northern Industry • England • 1/5 of all jobs were manufacturing cotton • 75% came from South • South • “King Cotton”

6. The Slave System: Problems • Land • Stripped the soil and moved west • Monopolies • Over speculation • One-crop economy • Resentment of ________

7. The O’Haras and the Wilkes • 1,733 families __________ • They are in charge • Educated in finest schools • Leisure time for study • Gap widened _______________________ • Had a feudal-like society • Women in the South

8. The Upper Middle Class • ________ of white Southerners owned any slaves • 255,000 owned 10 or fewer • Small slave owners

9. Hillbillies/Crackers/Clay Eaters • 1860 • 6.1 million owned _______ slaves • Majority lived in the backcountry • Subsistence farmers • Isolated lives • Why Did They Support Slavery?

10. A People’s History of the united statesHoward Zinn • The need for slave control led to an ingenious device, paying poor whites—themselves so troublesome for two hundred years of Southern history—to be overseers of black labor and therefore buffers for black hatred.

11. Let’s Go…Mountaineers • Independent small farmers • Didn’t own slaves • Abolitionist • Religion based

12. Free Blacks • Upper South • Emancipation was traced to idealism • Deep South • Usually mulattoes • Some purchased their own freedom • Conditions in the South • Conditions in the North

13. Pit Stop • What % of Southerners owned slaves? • Why then do you think there is a perception that all owned slaves? • Rural group that supported abolition • How were free blacks treated in the North • Why did most Southerners support slavery if they didn’t own slaves?

14. Life on the Plantation

15. Askin’ All Them Questions • What % of Southerners owned slaves? • Why then do you think there is a perception that all owned slaves? • Rural group that supported abolition • How were free blacks treated in the North • Why did most Southerners support slavery if they didn’t own slaves?

16. Plantation System • 4,000,000 slaves in America • Why? • Majority of population in several states • Review • Slave Trade Compromise • Why was it necessary? • Still some smugglers • Acquitted by Southern judges • Investments • $2,000,000,000 • Most slaves were spared dangerous jobs • Auction • Sold along horses and cattle • Breeding • Not officially endorsed • You bred more kids…freedom? • Selective breeding

17. Life as a Slave • Depended on __________________ • Most worked the fields from dawn til dusk • Some took care of the children • “Mammy” • No political rights • No legal marriages • Beatings • Common • Whippings less common because it hurt their value • Biggest slave states • Most slaves lived ___________________ • Some counties they were 75% of population

18. Life as a Slave • Family Life • Most were raised by 2 parent families • Avoided marriage by 1st cousins • African Traditions • Most were Christianized in aftermath of 2nd Great Awakening • Emotions of slaves • Deprived of dignity and self-responsibility • Deprived of an education • “American Dream” was a mockery

19. Early Abolitionist Movement • Gradually, anti-slavery societies are created • What event could have spurned this? • Also British abolish slavery in 1833 • Theodore David Weld • Energized from 2nd Great Awakening • Created many abolitionist propaganda pieces

20. Radicals • William Lloyd Garrison • The Liberator • Stop slavery immediately • Equal rights for women • North should secede • David Walker • Advocated violent slave rebellions in 1829 • Sojourner Truth • Illiterate • Freed slave who fought for women’s rights and emancipation • Aint I a Woman?

21. Radicals • Frederick Douglas • Born in MD • Great speaker • Many death threats • Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas • Raised two regiments of soldiers during the Civil War • Believed politics would fix the slavery question

22. http://www.history.com/topics/sojourner-truth/videos#aint-i-a-womanhttp://www.history.com/topics/sojourner-truth/videos#aint-i-a-woman

23. Life as a Slave • Reaction of Slaves to Slavery • Slowed pace of labor • Stereotype • Stole from house • Sabotaged equipment so as not to have to work • Attempts at Freedom • Many tried to runaway • Rebellions • Nat Turner • Minister in VA • 30 families

24. Results of Nat Turner • Poor conditions increased hostility among slaves • White Southerners are scared @37$@less • Because of prejudice towards black citizens • American Colonization Society, 1817 • Ship black Americans back to Africa • Stricter legal codes for slaves • Movement for abolition is concentrated in the North • Why do you thinK?

25. John Green Crash Course #13Slavery • Why would the South suck at the Civil War? • What was opposed to the American idea? • What is the truth about slavery? • What does John mean when he says a lot of the slave system was arbitrary? • Why is it important to emphasize that slaves resisted? • What made slavery untenable and the Civil War inevitable?

26. A People’s history of americaHoward Zinn • The United States government’s support of slavery was based on an overpowering practicality. In 1790, a thousand tons of cotton were being produced each year in the South. By 1860, it was a million tons. • In the same period, 500,000 slaves grew to 4,000,000,000. A system harried by slave rebellions and conspiracies developed a network of controls in the southern states, backed by the laws, courts, armed forces and race prejudice of the nation’s leaders. • It would take either a full-scale slave rebellion or a full-scale war to end such a deeply entrenched system.

27. The President Who Didn’t Do Anything…The John Tyler Administration "In 1840 I was called from my farm to undertake the administration of public affairs and I foresaw that I was called to a bed of thorns…” ~John Tyler Farewell Address

28. Askin’ All Them Questions • What % of Southerners owned slaves? • Why then do you think there is a perception that all owned slaves? • Rural group that supported abolition • How were free blacks treated in the North • Why did most Southerners support slavery if they didn’t own slaves? • Who was Stephen Foster? • Who was Horace Mann? • What is the difference between temperance and teetolism? • Who was Dorothea Dix? • What is Jacksonian Democracy? • What did Eli Whitney invent?

29. Primary Source Daily

30. What we’re talking about today: • Describe American and British controversy over Maine, Texas, and Oregon. • Explain the controversy surrounding the annexation of Texas. • Explain the so-called “positive good” theory of slavery.

31. America: The Story of UsFrederick Douglass

32. Wage slavery? • Women and children worked in horrible factory conditions • Dark, stuffy factories • Old/injured workers were discarded? • African Americans • Worked in fresh air • Old and sick were cared for

33. Result of the Wage Slavery debate… • Widened the gap between North and South • South isolated themselves from western world • Grew intolerant of slavery questions • Gag Resolution, 1836 • Piles of abolitionist petitions poured into Congress • Southerners pass a gag rule to put aside slavery question without a debate • JQA gets it repealed after 4 years

34. Wage Slavery Debate • On a sheet of paper (or half if you want to share) • Evaluate the following statement: • Northern factory workers are no more free than Southern slaves • A-J • Disagree • K-Z • Agree • Think about the conditions that both had to work under…

35. Disney American Presidents:William Henry harrison

36. Who is John Tyler? • Tyler becomes President • How? • John Tyler • 6’ and slim • Left Democrats because he didn’t like Jackson’s use of power • Doesn’t always fits in • Runs to balance the ticket • Tyler is against the Whig Platform • Pro-bank • Pro-improvements • Pro-tariff

37. The President with No Party? • Whigs push through a bill that would recreate the National Bank • Tyler vetoes it • The Whigs rework the bill and put it back to Tyler • He vetoes it again • Tariff Bill • Tyler wants more money but doesn’t like how the tariff money will be distributed and vetoes it • Whigs redraft it and then Tyler signs it

38. The President With No Party! • Called Tyler “His Accidency” • He is burned in effigy • Numerous death threats • Formally expelled from the Whig Party • His cabinet resigns • All except Daniel Webster • Serious attempts to impeach him in the House • What is the process to get a president out of office?

39. This Guy Can’t Catch a Break • USS Princeton Incident • John Tyler and his cabinet are showing off a newly constructed ship • In showing off one of the guns, it exploded • Killed several people including two members of the Cabinet • Secretary of State • Secretary of the Navy • Tyler’s soon to be father-in-law

40. Disney American Presidents:John Tyler

41. IN A TIME PERIOD FAR FAR AWAY… • What did Jefferson purchase from France? • Why? • Why do you see that this new land could cause problems in the future? • Think about what we’ve talked about this week • The problem:

42. The Solution: • Henry Clay (good at making bargains) • Missouri Compromise

43. War of Words--Britain • Anti-British feelings • Why do you think? • British wrote of us.. • America’s Financial Relationship

44. Manipulating Maine • How was the state of Maine created? • Who? • Britain wants to ____________________ • Arostook War (Pork & Beans War) • Somewhat violent confrontation between Maine and Canadian Lumberjacks • Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842

45. Back to the Heart of Texas… • Mexico refuses to recognize ___________ as an independent country • Why would they not recognize the treaty? • Threatens war if America takes Texas in • Texas has to keep up a costly military establishment in case Mexicans attack again • Start putting out offers to other countries

46. Back in the Heart of Texas… • Britain wants an independent Texas • Why?

47. The Texas Two-Step • Angered by British meddling in Texas • Leading issue of 1844 election • Tyler does not want to Annex it • Fear of upsetting North • Instead goes through a loophole • Calls for joint legislation • Texas becomes 28th state • Mexico claims we stole Texas from them

48. The Dark Horse • James K. Polk • 5’8 and lean • Hard-working • Micromanager • Drives him to death • Polk the Purposeful • Some people consider him to be one of the great Presidents of all time…

49. Enter the Dark Horse… • Election of 1844 • Tyler drops out • Henry Clay (W) • James K. Polk (D) • “Dark Horse” • Polk wins 170-105 • Polk only wins NY by 5,000 votes • Clay gets Nader-ed

50. The Texas Two-Step • Angered by British meddling in Texas • Leading issue of 1844 election • Tyler does not want to Annex it • Fear of upsetting North • Instead goes through a loophole • Calls for joint legislation • Texas becomes 28th state • Mexico claims we stole Texas from them