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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities. It is not so good to be king anymore….
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It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles DickensA Tale of Two Cities
Causes of the French Revolution Debt Louis XIV- Wars and Versailles American Revolution Royal spending- Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Weak King Social Structure Hunger Enlightenment ideas
Financial Problemsin France, 1789 • Urban Commoner’sBudget: • Food 80% • Rent 25% • Tithe 10% • Taxes 35% • Clothing 20% • TOTAL 170% • King’s Budget: • Interest 50% • Army 25% • Versailles 25% • Coronation 10% • Loans 25% • Admin. 25% • TOTAL 160%
It’s good to be the King 1774 Louis XVI- 19 yrs. Weak- many problems Wants to be an Absolute Monarch “After me comes the flood” Marie Antoinette- “Madam Deficit”
The French Monarchy:1774 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
The Necklace Scandal 1,600,000 livres[$100 million today] • Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan • The Countess de LaMotte
Enlightenment and Revolution The Philosophes were mainly French or living in France Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau American Revolution- Liberty, Brotherhood, Equality
1st Estate: 10% vs. ½% 2nd Estate: 35% vs. 11/2 % 3rd Estate: 97% Bourgeois 7% The Old Regime
Lettres de Cachet • The French king could warrantimprisonment or death in asigned letter under his seal. • A carte-blanche warrant. • Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000during the reign of Louis XV • Eliminated in 1790.
Bankrupt By 1788 Tax Plan Estates General- May 1789