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Covalent and Metallic Bonds Oxidation Numbers and Chemical Formulas. Sharing Electrons. Some atoms of nonmetals are unlikely to lose or gain electrons. For example, the elements in Group 4 of the periodic table have four electrons in their outer levels. This would take A LOT of energy!
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Covalent and Metallic BondsOxidation Numbers and Chemical Formulas
Sharing Electrons • Some atoms of nonmetals are unlikely to lose or gain electrons. • For example, the elements in Group 4 of the periodic table have four electrons in their outer levels. • This would take A LOT of energy! • These atoms are more likely to share electrons.
Covalent Bonds • The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as a covalent bond. • A neutral particle that forms as a result of electron sharing is called a molecule.
Metallic Bonds • Metallic bonds – occurs because electrons move freely among a metal’s positively charged ions • Allows metals to be good conductors
Oxidation Numbers • You need to know which elements are involved and what number of electrons they lose, gain, or share in order to become stable. • The relationship between an element’s position on the periodic table and the number of electrons it gains or loses is called the oxidation number of an element.
Polyatomic Ions • Found together in a groups • Have one oxidation number for the whole group
Predicting Bonds • In general, the closer together reacting elements are on the periodic table – the more likely a covalent bond rather than ionic bond. • Identify ionic or covalent: • Carbon and oxygen • Sodium and oxygen
Predicting Chemical Formulas • Overall charge must be 0 (balance out oxidation numbers) • Predict: • Formula for compound of lithium and nitrogen • Formula for compound of calcium and chlorine • Formula of compound for calcium and chlorine