Plants!

1. Plants! An introduction

2. Plants • All plants are multi-cellular, autotrophic eukaryotes. • Lots of cells. • Produces its own food using chlorophyll. • Has a Nucleus .

3. Plants • Plants are not able to independently move from one place to another. • Plants have dedicated tissues • Groups of cells to perform specific functions. • All plants undergo sexual reproduction

4. Plant reproduction • All plants undergo sexual reproduction involving fertilization producing a zygote • Fertilized egg.(seeds) • All plantshave life cycleswhich alternates between a gametophyte and a sporophyte. • Gametes - sex cells

5. Plant reproduction • The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis. • In flowering plants, the sporophyte comprises the whole body except the pollen and seeds.

6. Plant reproduction • A gametophyte is the structure, or phase, that contains a single set of chromosomes. • In flowering plants there are the female gametophyte (ovule) and the male gametophyte (pollen) structures.

7. Plant reproduction http://8e.devbio.com/article.php?ch=20&id=268

8. Plant reproduction apbiosemonefinalreview.pbworks.com

9. Plant reproduction http://8e.devbio.com/article.php?ch=20&id=268

10. Plants • The plant kingdom is one of the largest groups of living things with more than half a million different species. • Examples include: multi-cellular algae, moss, ferns, flowering plants, and trees.

11. Plant Classifications • There are only 4 distinct types of plants. • Non-vascular seedless plants • Vascular seedless • Vascular non-flowering (like pine cones) • Vascular flowering

12. Plant Classifications • Non-Vascular Seedless • Plants that do not use a system of vessels to transport water and nutrients between different parts of the plant. • Non-vascular plants are the simplest of all land dwelling plants. • All are low-growing. • First plants on land.

13. Plant Classifications • Non-Vascular Seedless • Mosses http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/plants-gardening/plants/moss/examples-mosses.jpg

14. Moss Structure Diagram modified from: http://bryophytes.science.oregonstate.edu/page3.htm#anchor30816

15. Plant Classifications • Non-Vascular Seedless • Liverworts http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/content/1/c6/05/24/91/liverworts-close-up-web.jpg

16. Plant Classifications • Non-Vascular Seedless • Hornworts http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/hornwortyoung.jpg

17. Plant Classifications • Seedless, Vascular • The plants in this group have a true vascular transport system for the movement of water and nutrients • They are "seedless" because they reproduce by means of spores. • Spore • a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal.

18. Plant Classifications • Seedless, Vascular • Ferns http://kmacphoto.net/ferns.jpg

19. Structure of a Fern http://nefern.info/topics/tpcfrond.htm

20. Plant Classifications • Seedless, Vascular • Horsetails http://www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/hrstail/6-29-19.jpg

21. Plant Classifications • Seedless, Vascular • Whisk Ferns http://www.palaeos.com/Plants/Images/Psilotum.jpg

22. Plant Classifications • Seeds, Vascular • Include conifers and flowering plants, • Plants have vascular transport system and produce seeds.

23. Plant Classifications • Seeds, Vascular flowering • Angiosperms http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Anthoph/floweringplant

24. Angiosperm Life Cycle tutorvista.com

25. Angiosperm Life Cycle • Parts of a seed. http://extension.missouri.edu/p/MG3

26. Plant Classifications • Seeds, Vascular Non-flowering • Gymnosperms http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants/spermatophyta/Gymnosperms/

27. Gymnosperm Life Cycle tutorvista.com

28. Gymnosperm Life Cycle • Parts of a cone.

29. Parts of a Plant • LEAF • Absorbs sunlight for plant to convert to energy. • Stores chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis. • Contain Stoma • a pore, found in the leaf and stem of plants that is used for gas exchange • Can be wide and flat (as in a maple leaf) or long and thin (as in a cactus spine) • Covered with a water proof layer called the cuticle

30. Parts of a Plant • LEAF http://www.woodlands.co.uk/images/tree-identification/leafdiagram.jpg

31. Parts of a Plant • LEAF http://www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/ leaftissue/images/leafstructurelargefigure1.jpg

32. Parts of a Plant • STEM • supports leaves and flowers. • carries water, minerals, and food up and down between the plant’s leaves and roots. • can be small and thin (as in a flower) or tall and thick (as in a tree). • helps plant grow in a direction toward energy sources. • has light-sensitive tips to ensure growth toward light.

33. Parts of a Plant • STEM http://paintthelight.net/BotanyProject/Activities/images/2004_gallery_stem_diagram.jpg

34. Parts of a Plant • ROOT • Grows down into the soil or water. • Anchors plant to the earth. • Absorbs water and minerals needed for growth. • Includes varieties, based on structure: • Taproots: single large root with a few smaller, branching roots. • Fibrous roots: many small roots branching off in different directions.

35. Parts of a Plant • Taproot http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Plant_taproots.jpg

36. Parts of a Plant Fibrous roots http://www.croplangenetics.com/stellent/groups/public/documents/web_content/ecmd0014867.jpg

37. Parts of a Plant • Vascular System • Xylem • Used for water and mineral transport • Phloem • Used for sugar/food transport

38. Parts of a Plant • Vascular System http://www.treeboss.net/images/bark_cross_section.jpg

39. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take energy from the sun and combine carbon dioxide and water to produce food. • Water + Carbon Dioxide + Light ---> Sugar + Oxygen • 6H2O + 6CO2 + Light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

40. Photosynthesis • Utilizes Carbon dioxide from the air enters the leaves through their stomata. • Water from the soil is absorbed through the roots. • Sunlight energy is absorbed through chlorophyll, found in the leaves of most plants. • The chlorophyll uses the sun’s energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to form glucose and oxygen is released through the stomata.